Сорбенты для экстракорпорального удаления токсических веществ и молекул с нежелательной биологической активностью (обзор)

The review devoted to sorbents and sorbentbased medical devices used in clinical practice for extracorporeal detoxification using a hemoperfusion technique. Clinical data have confirmed the effectiveness of this approach for removal of bacterial endotoxins, lowdensity lipoproteins, and bilirubin. Other studies demonstrated successful application of sorbents to treat autoimmune diseases. Special attention is paid to hemoperfusion in as a possible treatment for severe sepsis and septic shock. The review justifies importance of development and application of novel multimodal sorbents, which combine both properties of selective and nonselective sorbents. The review discusses clinical efficacy of hemoperfusion and key molecular interactions between the sorbent and circulating molecules pathogenetically relevant to developing critical illness and severe diseases. The reference list: 137.В обзоре рассмотрены сорбенты и медицинские изделия на их основе, применяемые в клинической практике для экстракорпоральной детоксикации с помощью процедуры гемосорбции. Представлены данные исследователей, свидетельствующие об эффективности такого подхода с целью удаления бактериальных эндотоксинов, липопротеинов низкой плотности, билирубина, а также при лечении аутоиммунных заболеваний. Основное внимание уделено применению гемосорбции при лечении тяжелого сепсиса и септического шока. Обосновывается необходимость разработки и применения новых «мультимодальных» сорбентов, сочетающих свойства как «селективных», так и «неселективных» сорбентов. В обзоре приведены сведения о клинической эффективности гемосорбции и молекулярном взаимодействии сорбента с циркулирующими молекулами, патогенетически значимыми для развития критических состояний и тяжелых заболеваний. Библиография — 137 ссылок

Specific shoot formation in Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Poaceae) under different environmental factors and DNA passportization using ISSR markers

The generic complex Miscanthus Anderss. (Poaceae) is a unique example among herbaceous plants characterized by high values of growth of aboveground vegetative mass and practical use as a valuable source of alternative energy. Miscanthus is one of the most efficient solar energy accumulators, and since phytomeliorative use implies the cultivation of these resource plants in inconvenient and semi-shady areas, the question about the effect of insufficient lighting on the productivity of Miscanthus arises. As a result of a long-lasing introduction effort, the Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS created a population of Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Benth., which has good prospects for growing under the conditions of the forest-steppe area in Western Siberia. The goals of our study were: (1) to determine the peculiarities of shoot formation, (2) to assess the cellulose and lignin accumulation in M. sacchariflorus populations under different lighting conditions and (3) to perform a DNA passportization of the Miscanthus population by ISSR marking. Evaluation of shoot formation and the amount of accumulated cellulose and lignin in plants was carried out under different degrees of illumination: one variant was grown in a sunny area, and the other, in partial shade. As a result of analysis of variance, it was found that the number of shoots does not depend on environmental conditions, but on the age of the plant, while environmental conditions have a significant effect on plant height. Although the samples of both M. sacchariflorus variants were characterized by different rates of creation of a continuous projective cover, plants in semi-shaded areas formed up to 89.34 % of shoots compared to their peers in illuminated areas, which did not affect significantly the size of the aboveground mass and the cellulose content in it. As a result of ISSR-analysis of genomic DNA in the M. sacchariflorus population, unique molecular polymorphic fragments were identified, which can be used for identification and DNA passportization at the inter-population level. Thus, the complex use of M. sacchariflorus as a valuable meliorative and bioenergetic culture is due to the high adaptive potential of this species. It was found that the illumination factor has virtually no effect on the amount of the cellulose content in the shoot, and a reduced content of the technologically undesirable lignin was observed in plants growing in the partial shade conditions

Resource potential of some species of the genus Miscanthus Anderss. under conditions of continental climate of West Siberian forest-steppe

In the meantime, search for environmentally friendly renewable energy sources alternative to fossil fuel has been driven by energy security challenges including limited availability of fuel and energy price fluctuations. Therefore herbal perennial grasses with their rapid growth and prominent biomass yield increasingly make it a favorite choice as a valuable agricultural crop usable for cellulosic ethanol production. As an example, the genus Miscanthus Anderss. (silvergrass) comprises ca. 14–20 species including M. sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack., M. sinensis Anderss., M. purpurascens Anderss, and M. × giganteus, which appear to be an almost inexhaustible source of sustainable raw material, and several Miscanthus species were investigated as a potential biofuel energy crop with commercially viable way of its producing. Introduction and investigation of Miscanthus species were initiated in the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (CSBG SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia) based on the grass and ornamental plant collection in the late 1990s. The paper objective is studying the biological traits of three Miscanthus species introduced into the CSBG SB RAS, selection and genetic identification of cultivars and varieties as the most perspective agricultural crop. To evaluate the potential crop yield and selection prospects of Miscanthus species being competitive as a valuable biofuel energy crop, the authors have estimated seasonal rhythms of model species development in the continental climate conditions of West Siberia. The article characterizes different Miscanthus varieties obtained either by the ex situ or in situ methods; presents the biochemical analysis of plant material and molecular identification of three Miscanthus species introduced into the CSBG SB RAS. The seasonal development analysis of three selected varieties of Miscanthus (M. sacchariflorus, M. sinensis, and M. purpurascens) proved the hydrometeorological conditions to be advantageous for prominent biomass yield, e. g. contributory to use Miscanthus in West Siberia as an easy to grow cellulose-rich grass. Molecular markers applicable in DNA-identification and genetic passportization of Miscanthus varieties have been established, which are perspective as such an economically available plant material as alternative non-woody source of cellulose

Grain quality indicators and size-dependent fractional composition in winter rye cultivars under the conditions of the Lower Volga region

Background. Grain quality indicators of winter rye cultivars were analyzed in connection with the size-dependent fractional composition of their grain in the Lower Volga environments.Materials and methods. The research material included 22 cultivars developed at various Russian scientific institutions, 3 Belarusian ones, and 3 cultivars bred at the Federal Center of Agriculture Research of the South-East Region. Comparative trials were conducted in 2021–2022 on 13.2 m2 plots in two field replications. The following grain quality indicators were studied: grain test weight, 1000 grain weight, size-dependent fractional composition, Hagberg falling number, amylogram peak height, starch gelatinization temperature, protein content, and rheological properties of the meal/water slurry.Results. Protein content was recorded at a level of 9.98–10.85%, while the starch gelatinization temperature was high due to the June air temperatures higher than the norm. Significant differences among the cultivars were found in the fractional composition of grain: 12 forms were identified with medium viscosity of the meal/water slurry and the fine-grain fraction content up to 30% of the total weight.Conclusions. There is a positive significant correlation between the five studied indicators characterizing the rheological properties of the meal/water slurry made from the grain of winter rye cultivars and the grain fraction composition (0.82*–0.91*)

Dysregulation of the sinoatrial node of the heart in type 1 and 2 diabetes

The purpose of presented researches was studying of the autonomic and humoral-metabolic regulation of sinoatrial (SN) heart node pacemaker activity in patients with diabetes of 1 and 2 types (D1, D2). There was used the high-resolution rhythmocardiography (RCG) for analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) in time-domain and frequency-domain.There were defined an expressive reduction of all MRV-waves in the analysis and also there was defined pathological distribution of the regulative influences in SN - increase of ineffective humoral-metabolic influence at the expense of the autonomic sympathetic and parasympathetic regulations. These pathological reductions and distribution of regulative factors are predictors of the cardiovascular breaches in pts with D1 and D2. Besides, there were defined special HRV-fluctuations with low amplitudes lengthening of 3-5 RR-intervals, of certain periods and spectral density. It may be supposed, that these named HRV-waves are as marker of the endogenic toxicosis at D1 and D2.Изучалась автономная регуляция пейсмекерной активности синоатриального узла сердца (СУ) с помощью высокоразрешающеч ритмокардиографии (РКГ) для анализа вариабельности сердечного ритма (ВСР) у больных сахарным диабетом 1 и 2 типов (СД1, СД2). При статистическом временном и спектральном анализе волновой структуры сердечного ритма выявлено выраженное снижение всех ВСР флуктуаций, а также патологическая дизрегуляция в СУ- повышенное гуморально-метаболическое медленное руководство ритмом за счет уменьшения роли быстрой автономной регуляции. Снижение и перераспределение степеней воздействия регуляторных факторов в СУ является предиктором кардиоваскулярного неблагополучия у больных с СД1 и СД2. Выделены также низкоамплитудные ВСР- волны определённых периода и частоты в высокочастотном спектральном диапазоне, которые предполагают их патогенетическую связь с эндогенной интоксикацией. В норме парасимпатическое удлинение происходит лишь в 1 или редко в 2-х межсистолических RR-интервалах из-за высокой скорости импульсов по парасимпатическим волокнам. Описанные RR-удлинения низкоамплитудные, распространяются на 3-5 RR-интервалов, имеют определённые период и спектральную плотность

The formation and the study of a collection of the Miscanthus resource species gene pool in the conditions of the West Siberian forest steppe

Several species of the genus Miscanthus Anderss. (elephant grass) characterized by a high rate of growth of the aboveground vegetative mass are currently in the focus of attention due to their high practical application as a source of bioethanol and cellulose. The main goals of this study were: (1) molecular genetic identification and (2) histochemical analysis of the genus Miscanthus Anderss. species in the collection of Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS in order to identify the most perspective and technically valuable individuals. To study the collection of Miscanthus samples, a multi-disciplinary approach was applied. To collect the samples of different species from native habitats, traditional systematic and geobotanical methods (comparative morphological and phytocenological) were used. According to the results of the ISSR-analysis, 16 samples of three Miscanthus species were divided into two clades: Sinensis and Sacchariflorus, the former including two subclades. For the samples of M. purpurascens_I and II, a hybrid origin of this species was confirmed by ISSR data. The molecular data obtained from the study allowed us to hypothesize that the samples involved in the subclade I of the Sinensis clade could be used as donors of resistance to adverse environments, and the samples of the subclade II, as donors of high biomass productivity. Based on histochemical analysis, sclerenchyma cells were characterized by the most lignin-rich thickened membranes, so the most appropriate direction in Miscanthus selection should be based on identification and using less lignin-containing samples

School of foreign languages «language mosaic» in the innovative structure of the Mordovian State Pedagogical Institute

The article analyzes the experience in the development of innovative infrastructure of theuniversity. In particular, the activity of the School of Foreign Languages «Language Mosaic» is described. The school aims to introduce the process-oriented approach into foreign language teaching. The authors discuss the basic teaching methods of applied at school