Method of operative treatment of valgus deformation of a toe

Valgus deformation of a toe is the most common orthopedic pathology of a human. This pathology prevails in women, especially of elderly age. According to the data of different authors, the ratio between men and women is from 70—80 % to 20—25 %. Basing on the existing level of technologies of treatment of valgus deformation of a toe increase of effectiveness of treatment due to total correction of the deformation, stronger fixation of osteotomed fragments, especially at the osteoporosis, restoration of full and. painless range of motions in metatarsophalangeal and. interphalangeal joints and. also decrease of a risk of intraoperational fracture of fragments became an objective. We analyzed the results of surgical treatment of valgus deformation of a toe and. varus deformation of toe instep bone in 82 patients of 20—60 years. 92 operations in patients with II—III degree of deformation were carried out. 52 patients with II degree of deformation and. 30 patients with III degree of deformation were operated with use of our method. The article presents the results of treatment of valgus deformation of a toe and. varus deformation of toe instep bone in 82 patients by proposed method. Use of this method allows to eliminate valgus deformation of a toe, to restore congruence in metatarsophalangeal joint with the shift of sesamoid complex, to correct varus deformation. of toe instep bone, to eliminate external rotation of a toe by longitudinal cuneiform osteotomy of proximal fragment on the external surface of a toe instep bone at once. Our surgical method allows to reach strong fixation of the bone fragments after osteotomy especially at the osteoporosis, to restore full and. painful range of motions in metatarsophalangeal and. interphalangeal joints. It becomes possible to have good cosmetic effect and. to improve quality of life of patients

Genotypic variability of Pinus sylvestris L. on the drought-resistance attribute

There was an increase and intensification of droughts in connection with global climate change in recent decades. Not all plant organisms are able to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Therefore, the question of stressresistant (drought-resistant) genotypes selection for breeding is quite urgent. This problem also concerns forest tree plants, including Scots pine, which is one of the main foresters in the Voronezh region. The results of vegetative and generative sphere analysis of individual Scotch pine trees with the help of biotechnology, molecular-genetic and cytogenetic method are given in this study. The possibility of applying the tissue culture method in vitro for testing initial plants for stress resistance, including drought resistance, is explained by the interconnection of cells, tissues and the whole plant properties. It is shown that the cytogenetic characteristics of the seed progeny and the indicators of callusogenic reactions do not always coincide in different genotypes: in some cases energy resources are spent on ontogeny protection, while, in other cases, to reproductive function maintain. There are trees, in which the state the generative sphere in arid years is at the level of optimal years, and their callus cultures reaction remains unchanged even under simulated conditions of drought. Based on the results obtained for the selection of Scots pine drought-resistant genotypes we suggest applying a system of criteria characterizing both the ability of the vegetative sphere to survive in drought conditions on the basis of the tissue culture method in vitro (callus tissue formation speed, its viability, frequency of callusogenesis), and the state of the generative sphere with the help of cytogenetic analysis of seed progeny (frequency of mitosis pathologies, the proportion of cells with micronuclei, mitotic activity). The expediency of applying the biotechnological approach was proved by analysis of the gene expression level of stress proteins: the level of AbaH gene expression correlates greatly with the indicator of the viability of callus cultures, including ones on a nutrient medium with an additional stress agent (NaCl). Trees that can be assigned to drought-resistant ones, according to the results of the analysis, should be recommended for use in breeding

ASSOCIATION OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES GENE POLYMORPHISM WITH CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN CHILDREN

In the present study, we have examined association between different polymorphic variants of metalloproteinases genes and clinical manifestations of bronchial asthma in children. We observed 103 patients including 42 children with an established diagnosis of asthma. Moreover, 61 persons were examined in the control group. All patients underwent genetic testing by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. In particular, 320A>C polymorphic locus of ММР20 gene; Val275Ala ММР20, and -8202A>G gene ММР9 were analyzed.We have found that 30 patients (71.4% of total) had bronchial asthma of mild severity, 9 children (21.4%) exhibited moderate degree, and 3 patients (7%) had severe-grade disease. Homozygous C/C variant of the polymorphic ММР20 gene, 320A>C heterozygous variant of the ММР20 Val275Ala polymorphism, and heterozygous locus of -8202A>G ММР9 gene were found to be most frequent among the children with asthma. Generally, we have observed that the frequencies of the studied alleles and genotypes did not significantly differ berween the asthma patients and children from the control group (p < 0.05). However, in patients with GGgenotype of -8202A>G ММР9 polymorphism combined with homozygosity for the C allele of ММР20 320A>C, a more severe disease was observed, being combined with polyvalent sensitization and high total IgE levels in blood serum.In conclusion, frequencies of alleles and genotypes among patients with asthma did not show any statistically significant differences from the group of healthy children. The patients homozygous for G allele of ММР9 -8202A>G polymorphism gene and for the C allele ММР20 gene (320A>C) seem to be predisposed for a more severe clinical course of the disease

Роль мутаций генов металлопротеиназ и рецептора эпителиального фактора роста в патогенезе бронхиальной астмы у детей

The pathogenesis of bronchial asthma (BA) is based on chronic allergic inflammation of bronchi, which affects not only microcirculation disorders, activation of lipid peroxidation, but also tissue remodeling. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and epithelial growth factor (EGF) play a significant role in bronchial remodelling processes. This paper attempts to investigate the effect of gene mutations ММР and EGFR on the development of BA as well as evaluate the role of intergenic interaction. Methods. Polymorphic variants were studied in BA patients and control group patients by allelspecific polymerase chain reaction (using SNP-express reagent kits). 2073A>T gene EGFR, 320A>C gene MMP20, 837Т>C gene MMP20 и -8202A>G gene MMP9. Results. The analysis of the genetic study results showed statistically significant differences in the frequency of alleles and genotypes in polymorphism. 2073A>T gene EGFR among BA patients and control group children (p < 0.05). Significantly increased allel frequency is registered. 2073T gene EGFR in the group of BA patients (82.5%) compared to the control group (55.8%) (p = 0.003). In the study of genes polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinases no statistically significant differences were revealed. However, the analysis of intergenic interaction shows that polymorphisms -8202A>G gene MMP9 and 2073A>T gene EGFR have a synergistic effect on each other, increasing the risk of developing BA in children. Conclusion. According to the results of studies it was found that the risk of BA development is significantly increased in homozygotes on T-allel polymorphic variant 2073A>T gene EGFR, with the frequency of occurrence of genotypes and alleles of this polymorphism statistically significantly different from the control group (p < 0.05).В основе патогенеза бронхиальной астмы (БА) лежит хроническое аллергическое воспаление бронхов, которое затрагивает процессы не только нарушения микроциркуляции, активации перекисного окисления липидов, но и ремоделирования тканей. Матриксные металлопротеиназы (Matrix metalloproteinases – ММР) и эпителиальный фактор роста (Epidermal Growth Factor – EGF) играют значимую роль в процессах ремоделирования бронхов. В данной работе предпринята попытка исследовать влияние мутаций генов ММР и EGFR на развитие БА, а также оценить роль межгенного взаимодействия. Материалы и методы. У больных, страдающих БА, и пациентов контрольной группы методом аллель-специфичной полимеразной цепной реакции (с использованием наборов реагентов SNP-экспресс) исследованы полиморфные варианты 2073A>T гена EGFR, 320A>C гена MMP20, 837Т>C гена MMP20 и -8202A>G гена MMP9. Результаты. По результатам анализа генетического исследования показано наличие статистически значимых отличий по частоте встречаемости аллелей и генотипов по полиморфизму 2073A>T гена EGFR среди больных БА и детей контрольной группы (р < 0,05). Зарегистрирована значимо повышенная частота аллеля 2073Т гена EGFR в группе больных БА (82,5 %) по сравнению с группой контроля (55,8 %) (р = 0,003). При исследовании полиморфизмов генов матриксных металлопротеиназ у обследованных статистически значимых различий не выявлено. Однако при анализе межгенного взаимодействия показано, что полиморфизмы -8202A>G гена MMP9 и 2073A>T гена EGFR оказывают синергичное влияние друг на друга, повышая риск развития БА у детей. Заключение. По результатам исследований установлено, что риск развития БА значительно повышен у гомозигот по Т-аллели полиморфного варианта 2073A>T гена EGFR, при этом частота встречаемости генотипов и аллелей данного полиморфизма статистически значимо отличается от таковой в группе контроля (р < 0,05)

Анализ ассоциации полиморфных вариантов генов факторов роста с риском развития бронхиальной астмы у детей

The aim of this study was to assess growth factor genes involvement in the pathogenesis of asthma. Methods. Associations between Arg25Pro polymorphic loci of transforming growth factor β growth (TGF β1) gene, A2073T epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, C634G vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) gene and a risk of bronchial asthma development were analyzed. DNA samples were isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes of 30 children with asthma and 27 healthy subjects. Gene polymorphisms were determined by the allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Results. The study revealed an association between Arg25Pro polymorphism of TGF β1 gene, C634G polymorphism of VEGFA gene and increased risk of asthma in children. The majority of patients were homozygous for 2073T allele of EGFR gene or carriers of ArgArg genotype of TGFβ1 gene. Frequencies of C634G polymorphism of VEGFA gene did not differed significantly between healthy children and asthma patients. Conclusion. The results of this study could help to select patients predisposed to asthma and to develop preventive measures taking into account individual characteristics of each patient.Целью данного исследования явилась оценка вовлеченности генов факторов роста в патогенез бронхиальной астмы (БА). Для этого проведен анализ ассоциации полиморфных локусов Arg25Pro гена трансформирующего фактора роста-β1 (TGF-β1), A2073T гена рецептора эпидермального фактора роста (EGFR) и C634G гена фактора роста эндотелия сосудов (VEGFA) с риском развития заболевания у детей. Материалы и методы. Из лейкоцитов периферической крови детей, страдающих БА (n = 30), и здоровых (n = 27), сопоставимых по полу и возрасту, выделены образцы ДНК. Верификация диагноза у детей с БА проводилась в соответствии с Национальной программой «Бронхиальная астма у детей. Стратегия лечения и профилактика» (2016). Определение полиморфных вариантов исследуемых генов проводилось методом аллель-специфичной полимеразной цепной реакции с использованием наборов реагентов SNP-экспресс. Результаты. В исследовании выявлена ассоциация полиморфизмов Arg25Pro гена TGFβ1 и полиморфизма C634G гена VEGFA с повышенным риском развития БА у детей. Установлено, что большинство больных являются гомозиготами по аллели 2073Т гена EGFR и носителями ArgArg генотипа гена TGFβ1, а риск развития БА значительно повышен у детей, являющихся носителями ArgArg генотипа гена TGFβ1 и гомозиготами по аллели634Cили гетерозиготами C634G гена VEGFA. Заключение. Полученные данные позволяют не только диагностировать предрасположенность к БА, но и разработать комплекс профилактических мероприятий с учетом индивидуальных особенностей каждого больного

Chemistry for Sustainable Development 20 (2012) 181188 Catalytic Processing Dimethyl Disulphide into Dimethyl Sulphide

Abstract Regularities were studied concerning dimethyl disulphide transformation in an atmosphere of helium in the presence of solid catalysts those differ from each other in the acid-base properties. The catalysts containing mainly Brønsted acidic centres or strong basic centres on the surface exhibit a low activity level. Under the action of weak Lewis acidic centres, the dimethyl sulphide is formed at a low rate, however with increasing the strength of these centres the rate of dimethyl sulphide formation increases. For a catalyst to exhibit a high activity level in the formation of dimethyl sulphide, it is required for the presence of strong Lewis and Brønsted centers, as well as basic centres with a moderate strength on the surface. The results of kinetic studies indicate that before 200°C there is a parallel reaction scheme realized, whereas at a higher temperature the reaction scheme is consecutive. The reaction kinetic type varies from the first-order kinetics to zero-order one depending on the concentration of the substrate. The rate of dimethyl sulphide formation increases with increasing the temperature, the apparent activation energy amounts to (55±1) kJ/mol. The selectivity level of dimethyl sulphide formation in the case of complete conversion level of the substrate reaches 5060 %