THE RAILWAY TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN (FOR THE 100-TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE TRANS-SIBERIAN RAILWAY)

The article gives a short description of the history of construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway. It covers the situation on Russia’s railways in the second half of the 19th century and debatable questions related to the selection of railway alignment, its function and financing of construction. The article also contains the information about work progress, its scale and construction costs

THE RAILWAY TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN (FOR THE 100-TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE TRANS-SIBERIAN RAILWAY)

The article gives a short description of the history of construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway. It covers the situation on Russia’s railways in the second half of the 19th century and debatable questions related to the selection of railway alignment, its function and financing of construction. The article also contains the information about work progress, its scale and construction costs

The formation of the methodology for the economic optimization of managerial decisions on transport

The urgency of the development of transport communications and the need to optimize their work, to develop a methodology for the study of transport as a specific industry has been substantiated. The issues of emergence and evolution of methods of economic research in transport in the context of general scientific methodology at various historical stages of development of domestic and foreign science have been considered. The characteristic of views of domestic and foreign scientists and experts on formal and substantial-essential methods of research has been given. The basic principles of a systematic approach to solving complex scientific and practical problems in the fieldof transport have been outlined

TRANSPORT SECTOR AND ITS ROLE IN THE IMPORT SUBSTITUTION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS: FORESIGHT

The article gives a description of the practical experience of soviet railway transport in part-time gardening and farming. It also proposes a project of factory-farm integration to ensure the economic security of our country

TRANSPORT SECTOR AND ITS ROLE IN THE IMPORT SUBSTITUTION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS: FORESIGHT

The article gives a description of the practical experience of soviet railway transport in part-time gardening and farming. It also proposes a project of factory-farm integration to ensure the economic security of our country

Problematic issues of using the toolkit of economic cybernetics

Arange of issues, related to the use of cybernetics in economic research, technological development and educational programs for training specialists of management, has been considered. A large contribution of this science to the space exploration, designing counting machines, etc., – has been noticed. At the same time, focusing on management in systems, it did not pay enough attention to many important functions and specifics of socio-economic processes. Cybernetics tried to change some traditional ideas about the possibilities and methods of goal-setting in management of economic processes in the centrally planned Soviet economy, but these attempts were ineffective. More so, cybernetics was unable to affect the spiritual and moral sphere of human life and society, the content and development of such sciences as philosophy, sociology, political economy, etc.It has been shown, that the tendency to revise the fundamental provisions of the Humanities can lead and often leads to false conclusions, believing, that the qualitative differences between the system objects are insignificant. Agreeing, that setting limits to the possibilities of computer modeling in advance is impossible, it must be recognized, that the machines created by cybernetics, remain only an objectification – a “truncated” (incomplete) form of any kind of human activity, including management (purposing, selection of criteria, decision-making, etc.).The goal setting requires at least a normal human intelligence. At the same time, “individual survival” is not the main universal task: in natural selection, the survival of the species is often achieved by the death of a significant part of specimens.The article pays considerable attention to the cybernetic approach to the study of socio-economic processes. It is noted, that the thesis about cybernetically expedient functioning of any social systems (this point of view is shared by some specialists in cybernetics) contradicts common sense. Capitalism would have to be seen as a planned system, alien to the anarchy of production, and in fact as a system, which solves pre-set tasks corresponding to the interests of society. Therefore, according to the authors, the concept of self-governing system in the cybernetic sense is not applicable to a society with a market economy

Reactive diffusion in Sc/Si multilayer X-ray mirrors with CrB2 barrier layers

Processes undergoing in Sc/Si multilayer X-ray mirrors (MXMs) with periods of ∼27 nm and barrier layers of CrB20.3- and 0.7-nm thick within the temperature range of 420–780 K were studied by methods of small-angle Xray reflectivity (λ = 0.154 nm) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. All layers with the exception of Sc ones are amorphous. Barrier layers are stable at least up to a temperature of 625 K and double the activation energy of diffusional intermixing at moderate temperatures. Introduction of barriers improves the thermal stability of Sc/Si MXMs at least by 80 degrees. Diffusion of Si atoms through barrier layers into Sc layers with formation of silicides was shown to be the main degradation mechanism of MXMs. A comparison of the stability for Sc/Si MXMs with different barriers published in the literature is conducted. The ways of further improvement of barrier properties are discusse

PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT: RESULTS AND GUIDELINES OF A QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY OF TEACHING STAFF AT THE UNIVERSITY

The analysis of the results of a questionnaire survey of heads of institutes, departments and members of Academic board of the State University of Management on a set of issues related to goal-setting in teaching managerial personnel has been presented. It has been revealed, on the one hand, a variety of respondents ‘ points of view, on the other hand, the presence of a sufficiently high degree of unanimity in goal-setting and ways of exit of the University to the trajectory of effective development. It has been concluded, that it is necessary to take serious measures to improve the quality of higher education using, first of all, rich domestic experience and strategic guidelines in the socio-economic development of the country

ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF IMPROVING SUBURBAN RAILWAY TRANSPORTATION

The features of management of domestic railway transport at different stages of its development have been disclosed. The main principles and conditions of structural reform in the industry have been formulated. The main models of management of the railway complex, principles and features of the organization of suburban railway communication in different countries have been characterized. Statistical data on suburban rail transport on the infrastructure of JSC «Russian Railways», confirming their importance and significance for the Russian Federation, have been adduced. The economic results of the activity of domestic suburban passenger companies have been considered. The shortcomings of the existing methodology for assessing the financial condition of suburban passenger companies have been indicated. The proposals to improve the current methods of calculations taking into account the conditions of prospective development of companies have been given. The scheme of scientific and methodical approach to the analysis of economic condition of the suburban passenger companies, including set of procedures of calculated and analytical character, has been offered