Inhomogeneous Nucleation of Quark-Gluon Plasma in High Energy Nuclear Collisions

We estimate the probability that a hard nucleon-nucleon collision is able to nucleate a seed of quark--gluon plasma in the surrounding hot and dense hadronic matter formed during a central collision of two large nuclei at AGS energies. The probability of producing at least one such seed is on the order of 1-100\%. We investigate the influence of quark--gluon plasma formation on the observed multiplicity distribution and find that it may lead to noticable structure in the form of a bump or shoulder.Comment: 16 pages, latex and 12 ps figures available on reques

Nucleation of Quark--Gluon Plasma from Hadronic Matter

The energy densities achieved during central collisions of large nuclei at Brookhaven's AGS may be high enough to allow the formation of quark--gluon plasma. Calculations based on relativistic nucleation theory suggest that rare events, perhaps one in every 10$^2$ or 10$^3$, undergo the phase transition. Experimental ramifications may include an enhancement in the ratio of pions to baryons, a reduction in the ratio of deuterons to protons, and a larger source size as seen by hadron interferometry.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures available upon request, NUC--MINN--94/5--

Language, Life, Limits

In the context of second-order polynomial-time computability, we prove that there is no general function space construction. We proceed to identify restrictions on the domain or the codomain that do provide a function space with polynomial-time function evaluation containing all polynomial-time computable functions of that type. As side results we show that a polynomial-time counterpart to admissibility of a representation is not a suitable criterion for natural representations, and that the Weihrauch degrees embed into the polynomial-time Weihrauch degrees

A Genome-wide Drosophila Screen for Heat Nociception Identifies α2δ3 as an Evolutionarily Conserved Pain Gene

Worldwide, acute and chronic pain affects 20% of the adult population and represents an enormous financial and emotional burden. Using genome-wide neuronal-specific RNAi knock-down in Drosophila, we report a global screen for an innate behavior and identify hundreds of novel genes implicated in heat nociception, including the α2δ-family calcium channel subunit straightjacket (stj). Mice mutant for the stj ortholog CACNA2D3 (α2δ3) also exhibit impaired behavioral heat pain sensitivity. In addition, in humans, α2δ3 SNP variants associate with reduced sensitivity to acute noxious heat and chronic back pain. Functional imaging in α2δ3 mutant mice revealed impaired transmission of thermal pain evoked signals from the thalamus to higher order pain centers. Intriguingly, in α2δ3 mutant mice thermal pain and tactile stimulation triggered strong cross-activation or synesthesia of brain regions involved in vision, olfaction, and hearing

Polynomial time computation in the context of recursive analysis

International audienceRecursive analysis was introduced by A. Turing [1936], A. Grzegorczyk [1955], and D. Lacombe [1955] as an approach for investigating computation over the real numbers. It is based on enhancing the Turing machine model by introducing oracles that allow the machine to access finitary portions of the real infinite objects. Classes of computable real functions have been extensively studied as well as complexity-theoretic classes of functions restricted to compact domains. However, much less have been done regarding complexity of arbitrary real functions. In this article we give a definition of polynomial time computability of arbitrary real functions. Then we present two main applications based on that definition. The first one, which has already been published, concerns the relationships between polynomial time real computability and the corresponding notion over continuous rational functions. The second application, which is a new contribution to this article, concerns the construction of a function algebra that captures polynomial time real computability

Effectivity of regular spaces

Abstract. General methods of investigating effectivity on regular Hausdorff (T3) spaces is considered. It is shown that there exists a functor from a category of T3 spaces into a category of domain representations. Using this functor one may look at the subcategory of effective domain representations to get an effectivity theory for T3 spaces. However, this approach seems to be beset by some problems. Instead, a new approach to introducing effectivity to T3 spaces is given. The construction uses effective retractions on effective Scott–Ershov domains. The benefit of the approach is that the numbering of the basis and the numbering of the elements are derived at once.

EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF LUSPATERCEPT VERSUS EPOETIN ALFA IN ERYTHROPOIESIS-STIMULATING AGENT (ESA)-NAIVE PATIENTS WITH TRANSFUSION-DEPENDENT LOWER-RISK MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES (LR-MDS): FULL ANALYSIS OF THE COMMANDS TRIAL

Introduction: We report the full analysis of the COMMANDS trial assessing efficacy and safety of luspatercept versus epoetin alfa (EA) in ESA-naive patients with LR-MDS. Methods: 363 patients (aged ≥18 y, with transfusion-dependent LR-MDS, serum erythropoietin <500 U/L) were randomized 1:1 to luspatercept or EA. Primary endpoint was achievement of red blood cell transfusion independence (RBC-TI) ≥12 wk with concurrent mean hemoglobin increase ≥1.5 g/dL (wk 1–24). Secondary endpoints included achievement of RBC-TI ≥12 and 24 wk, hematologic improvement–erythroid (HI-E) ≥8 wk (wk 1–24), RBC-TI ≥12 wk duration, and safety. Results: As of 31Mar2023, 110/182 (60.4%) luspatercept-treated versus 63/181 (34.8%) EA-treated patients achieved the primary endpoint (P<0.0001). Primary endpoint achievement favored luspatercept in most subgroups including region. Median (range) treatment duration was 51.3 (3–196) and 37.0 (1–202) wk for luspatercept versus EA. 68.1% and 48.6% of luspatercept- versus EA-treated patients, respectively, achieved RBC-TI ≥12 wk; 47.8% and 30.9% achieved RBC-TI 24 wk; 74.4% and 53.0% achieved HI-E ≥8 wk. Median (95% CI) duration of RBC-TI ≥12 wk was 128.1 wk (108.3–not estimable [NE]) with luspatercept versus 89.7 wk (55.9–157.3) with EA (HR, 0.534; Figure). 2.7% and 3.3% of luspatercept- and EA-treated patients, respectively, progressed to AML; 97.8% and 92.2% reported any-grade treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs); 58.5% and 49.2% reported grade 3/4 TEAEs. Death rates on- and post-treatment were similar between arms. Conclusions: RBC-TI duration and erythroid responses achieved with luspatercept were superior to EA. Luspatercept safety results were consistent with previous MDS studies