ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОДАЧИ НОВОСТНОГО КОНТЕНТА НА РЕГИОНАЛЬНОМ ТЕЛЕВИДЕНИИ РОССИИ

The article investigates the peculiarities of news content on regional television in Russia. In order to identify these aspects, the authors reviewed the news materials of two TV channels: «Moscow 24» of the Moscow region and GTRK «Tver» of the Tver region. The object of the research is news programs on regional television. The subject of the study is the specifics of news on regional television. Special attention is paid to the specifics of news materials and their requirements. Peculiarities of news content presentation in information programs of regional TV channels were revealed.El artículo investiga las peculiaridades del contenido de las noticias en la televisión regional en Rusia. Para identificar estos aspectos, los autores revisaron los materiales de noticias de dos canales de televisión: «Moscú 24» de la región de Moscú y GTRK «Tver» de la región de Tver. El objeto de la investigación son los programas de noticias en la televisión regional. El tema del estudio son los detalles de las noticias en la televisión regional. Se presta especial atención a los detalles de los materiales de noticias y sus requisitos. Se revelaron las peculiaridades de la presentación del contenido de las noticias en los programas de información de los canales de televisión regionales.В статье исследовано особенности подачи новостного контента на региональном телевидении России. С целью выявления данных аспектов авторы рассмотрели новостные материалы двух телеканалов: «Москва 24» Московского региона и ГТРК «Тверь» Тверской области. Объектом исследования являются новостные программы на региональном телевидении. Предмет исследования – специфика новостей на региональном телевидении. Особое внимание уделено специфике новостных материалов и предъявляемым к ним требованиям. Выявлены особенности подачи новостного контента в информационных программах региональных телеканалов

Identification and analysis of CRISPR/Cas systems structures in the genomes of antibiotic-resistant strains of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>

Background. Klebsiella pneumoniae belongs to a group of opportunistic bacteria that can form multiple resistance to antibiotics and transmit it to various types of bacteria through horizontal gene transfer. These studies examine the structural and functional diversity of CRISPR/Cas systems that protect bacteria from foreign DNA. Their analysis using the example of antibiotic-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae will demonstrate their resistance to certain bacteriophages, which will make it possible to develop approaches to the treatment of complex infectious diseases caused by these microorganisms by creating targeted phage therapy.The aim. To perform a bioinformatics analysis of the identified structural components of CRISPR/Cas systems for screening bacteriophages through CRISPR cassette spacers using the example of antibiotic-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae.Materials and methods. The article analyzed 29 full-genome sequences of Klebsiella pneumoniae, in the genome of which the structures of CRISPR/Cas systems and  antibiotic resistance genes were determined (according to NCBI). To achieve this  goal, using software modeling methods, a search was made for Cas genes and CRISPR cassettes, and their structural and functional characteristics were given.Results. Using bioinformatic search algorithms in the genome of antibiotic-resistant strains, functionally active CRISPR/Cas systems with the presence of one or two CRISPR cassettes and belonging to Type  I Subtype  IE were identified. Groups of resistant strains with identical spacer composition of CRISPR cassettes have been identified. A phylogenetic analysis was carried out confirming their common origin. By analyzing the spacer sequences of CRISPR cassettes, the spectrum of diversity of phages of bacteria of the genus Klebsiella, Salmonella, belonging to the same family Enterobacteriaceae, was determined. Thus, information was obtained about the bacteriophages that are targeted by the action of CRISPR systems of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains that have antibiotic resistance.Conclusions. Analysis of the functional and structural features of the CRISPR/Cas systems of antibiotic resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains made it possible to obtain information about their evolutionary history and about the bacteriophages against which their action is directed, that is, about their phage resistance. The approach used in this study may further serve as the basis for the creation of personalized phage therap