The study of carbohydrate composition of chicory products

The main products produced from chicory in the food industry are soluble roasted chicory, roasted crushed chicory, chicory flour, inulin, oligofructose and others. Fried products are used as a substitute for coffee, because it is caffeine-free and has coffee taste and aroma. Chicory flour is used in the production of bakery products. Inulin and oligofructose are widely used in the manufacture of bakery and dairy products. The aim of this study was to investigate the carbohydrate composition of the products from chicory. The objects of research in this research work were Fried chicory (Leroux), Instant chicory (Leroux), Instant chicory (LLC Flagistom), Instant chicory with hawthorn (Iceberg Ltd and K), Instant chicory (LLC SlavKofe), Instant chicory (Ltd. Around the World), Instant chicory (LLC Favorit), Instant chicory (LLC Beta +), Dried Chirory and Dried crushed chicory № 1,2,3 (LLC Sovremennik), Chicory flour (Leroux), Inulin and Oligofructose (Spinnrad GmbH). Determination of fructans and their average degree of polymerization, the content of glucose, fructose, sucrose, which are contained in foods from chicory was carried out using biochemical method with kit Sucrose / D-Glucose / D-Fructose (R-Biopharm). Studies are suggested that fried chicory products do not contain fructans. Dried products of chicory are contained inulin, the contents of which are about 60–70%, and contained other biologically active substances. Content of fructans in commercial products, such as inulin and oligofructose is about 93% and 79%

Selective Brain Hypothermia in the Comprehensive Rehabilitation of Patients with Chronic Consciousness Disorders

Aim: to evaluate clinical effectiveness of selective hypothermia of cerebral cortex for the recovery of awareness in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness (CDC).   Material and methods. 111 patients with CDC 30 and more days after a cerebral event (ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, brain injury) were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were anoxic brain injury (sequelae of a prolonged asystole or asphyxia), active sepsis, arrhythmia, baseline hypothermia (body temperature lower than 35.5 °С). Experimental group included 60 patients, of them 39 patients were in a vegetative state (VS), 21 patients exhibited patterns of minimally conscious state (MCS). Control group incluted 51 patients, of them 32 patients were in VS and 19 patients were in MCS. Patients in the experimental group received 10 sessions (120 minutes each) of selective brain hypothermia (SBH) during the 14-days follow-up period. Patients of both groups received standard identical neurological treatment and rehabilitation procedures. Patients in the control group did not undergo brain hypothermia. The induction of SBH involved cooling of the whole surface of the craniocerebral area of scalp using special helmets. The temperature of the internal surface of the helmet was 3–7 °С. Temperature of the frontal lobes of the cortex was monitored with non-invasive microwave radiothermometry, axillary temperature was also registered. The level of consciousness was evaluated using «Coma Recovery Scale-Revised» (CRS-R) scale.   Results. 120-minutes long SBH session reduced the temperature of the frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex by 2.4–3.1 °С with no impact on the axillary temperature. Evaluation using CRS-R revealed improvement in all studied functions (auditory, visual, motor, oromotor, communication, arousal) in patients in the experimental group after 10 SBH sessions. Level of consciousness in patients from the experimental group in VS increased from 4.5 ± 0.33 to 8.7 ± 0.91 points (P < 0.001), for patients in MCS from 11.3 ± 1.0 to 18.2 ± 0.70 (P < 0.001) points. In the control group, scores of patients in VS rose from 4.3 ± 0.37 to 6.8 ± 0.49 (P < 0.001) points with the most significant changes in auditory and visual functions (P<0.001). In the control group of patients in MCS the oromotor function improved (P < 0.05), overall CRS-R scores changed insignificantly from 9.1 ± 0.57 to 10.1 ± 0.86 (P < 0.1). The best outcome (CRS-R > 19 points) was seen in patients from the experimental group [6 in VS (15.4 %) and 8 in MCS (31.8 %)]. In the control group, the best results did not exceed 10 points for the patents in VS, while 4 patients in MCS (21 %) reached 12–16 scores. During 30-day follow-up period of hospitalization after the SBH sessions mortality rate was 10 % (6 patients) in the experimental group and 21.6% (11 patients) in the control group.   Conclusion. Patients with CDC could benefit from serial SBH sessions performed as a part of comprehensive treatment and rehabilitation strategy. We suggest that selective reduction of frontal lobe temperature improves neurogenesis, neuronal regeneration, and neuroplasticity

Селективная гипотермия коры больших полушарий в комплексной реабилитации пациентов с хроническими нарушениями сознания

   Aim: to evaluate clinical effectiveness of selective hypothermia of cerebral cortex for the recovery of awareness in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness (CDC).   Material and methods. 111 patients with CDC 30 and more days after a cerebral event (ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, brain injury) were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were anoxic brain injury (sequelae of a prolonged asystole or asphyxia), active sepsis, arrhythmia, baseline hypothermia (body temperature lower than 35.5 °С). Experimental group included 60 patients, of them 39 patients were in a vegetative state (VS), 21 patients exhibited patterns of minimally conscious state (MCS). Control group incluted 51 patients, of them 32 patients were in VS and 19 patients were in MCS. Patients in the experimental group received 10 sessions (120 minutes each) of selective brain hypothermia (SBH) during the 14-days follow-up period. Patients of both groups received standard identical neurological treatment and rehabilitation procedures. Patients in the control group did not undergo brain hypothermia. The induction of SBH involved cooling of the whole surface of the craniocerebral area of scalp using special helmets. The temperature of the internal surface of the helmet was 3–7 °С. Temperature of the frontal lobes of the cortex was monitored with non-invasive microwave radiothermometry, axillary temperature was also registered. The level of consciousness was evaluated using «Coma Recovery Scale-Revised» (CRS-R) scale.   Results. 120-minutes long SBH session reduced the temperature of the frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex by 2.4–3.1 °С with no impact on the axillary temperature. Evaluation using CRS-R revealed improvement in all studied functions (auditory, visual, motor, oromotor, communication, arousal) in patients in the experimental group after 10 SBH sessions. Level of consciousness in patients from the experimental group in VS increased from 4.5 ± 0.33 to 8.7 ± 0.91 points (P < 0.001), for patients in MCS from 11.3 ± 1.0 to 18.2 ± 0.70 (P < 0.001) points. In the control group, scores of patients in VS rose from 4.3 ± 0.37 to 6.8 ± 0.49 (P < 0.001) points with the most significant changes in auditory and visual functions (P<0.001). In the control group of patients in MCS the oromotor function improved (P < 0.05), overall CRS-R scores changed insignificantly from 9.1 ± 0.57 to 10.1 ± 0.86 (P < 0.1). The best outcome (CRS-R > 19 points) was seen in patients from the experimental group [6 in VS (15.4 %) and 8 in MCS (31.8 %)]. In the control group, the best results did not exceed 10 points for the patents in VS, while 4 patients in MCS (21 %) reached 12–16 scores. During 30-day follow-up period of hospitalization after the SBH sessions mortality rate was 10 % (6 patients) in the experimental group and 21.6% (11 patients) in the control group.   Conclusion. Patients with CDC could benefit from serial SBH sessions performed as a part of comprehensive treatment and rehabilitation strategy. We suggest that selective reduction of frontal lobe temperature improves neurogenesis, neuronal regeneration, and neuroplasticity.   Цель исследования. Оценить перспективы клинического применения селективной гипотермии коры больших полушарий головного мозга (СГКМ) у пациентов с хроническими нарушениями сознания (ХНС).   Материал и методы. В пилотное открытое когортное исследование включили 111 пациентов с ХНС через 30 и более дней после церебральных катастроф (ишемический и геморрагических инсульты, травмы головного мозга). Критерии исключения: аноксические повреждения головного мозга (последствия длительной асистолии, асфиксии), активный септический процесс, нарушения сердечного ритма, исходная гипотермия (ниже 35,5 °С). Основную группу составили 60 пациентов: в вегетативном состоянии (ВС), n = 39 и в состоянии минимального сознания (СМС), n = 21. Группу сравнения — 51 пациент: в ВС, n = 32 и в СМС, n = 19. Пациентам основной группы выполнили 10 сеансов СГКМ длительностью 120 минут в период 14-и дней наблюдения. В обеих группах пациентам проводили стандартную медикаментозную нейротропную терапию и реабилитационные мероприятия. Пациентам группы сравнения СГКМ не проводили. Для индукции СГКМ охлаждали всю поверхность краниоцеребральной области головы с помощью шлемов-криоаппликаторов при температуре внутренней поверхности шлемов 3–7 °С. Контролировали температуру лобных отделов коры мозга при помощи неинвазивной СВЧ-радиотермометрии, регистрировали аксиальную температуру. Уровень сознания оценивали по шкале восстановления после комы «Coma Recovery Scale-Revised» (CRS-R, 2004 г.).   Результаты. Применение СГКМ позволило снизить температуру лобных отделов коры мозга на 2,4–3,1 °С без изменений аксиальной температуры. У пациентов основной группы выявили статистически значимый рост всех исследованных функций (слуховой, зрительной, двигательной, речевой, коммуникативной, бодрствования). Суммарный показатель вырос от 6,9 ± 0,6 до 12,1 ± 0,9 баллов (р < 0,001). У пациентов в ВС — от 4,5 ± 0,3 до 8,7 ± 0,9 баллов (р < 0,001), у пациентов в СМС — от 11,3 ± 1,0 до 18,2 ± 0,7 баллов (р < 0,001). В группе сравнения суммарный показатель вырос от 6,1 ± 0,5 до 8,1 ± 0,5 (р < 0,05). У пациентов в ВС суммарные данные возросли от 4,3 ± 0,4 до 6,8 ± 0,5 баллов (р < 0,001), причем наиболее значимо нарастали слуховая и зрительная функции (р < 0,001). У пациентов группы сравнения в СМС возросла речевая функция (р < 0,05), а суммарные показатели повысились незначительно от 9,1 ± 0,6 до 10,1 ± 0,9 баллов (р > 0,1). Лучшие результаты (CRS-R > 16 баллов) получили у пациентов основной группы: в ВС — у 6-и пациентов (15,4 %) и СМС — у 8-и (38,1 %). В группе сравнения у пациентов в ВС лучшие результаты по CRS-R не превышали 10 баллов, а у 4-х пациентов в СМС (21 %) на 14-ый день был достигнут уровень 12–16 баллов. При наблюдении в течение 30 дней после курса СГКМ летальность пациентов основной группы составила 6 пациентов (10 %), в группе сравнения — 11 пациентов (21,6 %).   Заключение. Применение курсов СГКМ у пациентов с ХНС в составе комплексных лечебно-реабилитационных мероприятий целесообразно. Высказали предположение, что селективное понижение температуры коры больших полушарий улучшает процессы нейрогенеза, нейрорегенерации и нейропластичности

Comparative assessment of antioxidant activity of chicory products

There are various methods for determining the antioxidant activity. They are differing by the source of oxidation, oxidized compounds and methods for the measurement of oxidized compounds. Methods for determination of antioxidant activity provide a wide range of results, so the evaluation of the antioxidant activity should be carried out in several ways, and the results should be interpreted with caution. In assessing antioxidant capacity is necessary to consider not only the nature and content of the reducing agent in the test facility, but also the possibility of their mutual influence. The objects of research in this research work were Instant chicory (Leroux), Fried chicory (Leroux), Instant chicory (LLC Favorit), Instant chicory (LLC SlavKofe), Instant chicory with hawthorn (Iceberg Ltd and K), Instant chicory (LLC Flagistom), Instant chicory (Ltd. Around the World), Instant chicory (LLC Beta +), Chicory flour (Leroux), Chicory flour. Antioxidant activity of the products of chicory determined by spectrophotometric (using adrenaline and 2,2 – diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl), and amperometric methods. These results indicate that chicory products possess antioxidant activity but not give fully correlated with each other results. The highest antioxidant activity have fried products from chicory – Instant chicory (LLC SlavKofe) and Instant chicory with hawthorn (Iceberg Ltd and K). No fried products from chicory (Chicory flour (Leroux)) have lower antioxidant activity then fried products from chicory. Because during frying new compounds are formed – chikoreol, which comprises acetic and valeric acid, acrolein and furfural, furfuryl alcohol, diacetyl. Best convergence results provide spectrophotometric methods using epinephrine and 2,2 – diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

The efficiency of synthesis of β-fructofuranosidase by Debaryomyces hansenii yeast when cultured on a nutrient medium from molasses

Distribution D. hansenii in different substrates can be explained sufficiently high hydrolytic activity, which is a prerequisite for their use in biotechnology to produce various biological products, in particular lytic enzymes. The paper is picked productivity and efficiency of synthesis of extracellular enzyme β-fructofuranosidase D. hansenii yeast nutrient medium from molasses. The efficiency of D. hansenii yeast culture in a nutrient medium of molasses depends primarily on the strain. It was found that the most productive and efficient synthesizing extracellular enzyme β-fructofuranosidase is yeast strain D. hansenii H4651. Maximum productivity and efficiency of the synthesis of the extracellular enzyme β-fructofuranosidase D. hansenii yeast strain H4651 seen when cultured in a nutrient medium from molasses without additional nutrients at a temperature of 20 oC. It was found that the consumption of reducing substances is not an adequate amount of yeast biomass synthesized D. hansenii. The content of reducing substances after 50 hours of cultivation D. hansenii yeast H4651 Uwe-creases. The resulting pattern PB increase in liquid culture may explain synthesis drozh-Jamie D. hansenii β – fructofuranosidase extracellular enzyme which hydrolyzes sucrose medium. The highest specific growth rate observed in yeast D. hansenii H4651 at temperatures cultivated-tion 15 and 20 ° C. Out D. hansenii yeast biomass H4651 exceeds the yield of biomass when cultured yeast D. hansenii strains H433 and H18–3

Influence of alkaline and environmental processing of oil and grain outs on Beta-glucane output

Beta-glucan is a branched polysaccharide whose monomers are bound by (1,3, 1,4) and (1,6) beta-glucosidic bonds and has a wide spectrum of biological activity and, above all, immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory. Beta-glucan is found in fungi, yeast, bacteria, algae. However, the isolation of beta-glucan from this raw material, both natural and obtained in industrial conditions by biotechnological methods, is economically costly. A promising source of beta-glucan are grains: oats, barley, wheat, rye, rice, corn and millet. The industrial interest in cereals is associated with a high content of soluble branched non-starchy polysaccharides, from which beta-glucan production is possible. The purpose of this work is to determine the effect of alkaline and two-step alkaline and enzymatic methods for treating oat and oat bran grains on the efficiency of beta-glucan release. As a result of the studies, it has been established that the combination of alkaline and enzymatic methods for the isolation of beta glucan from the grain of oats of holed grinded and oat bran is more effective than the alkaline method. The yield of beta-glucan in the treatment with the alkaline and enzymatic method of oat bran is higher than that from the grain of oats of the hollow grinded. It has been shown that beta-glucan isolated from oat bran by two-step alkaline and enzymatic one-step alkaline methods contains fewer concomitant substances compared to beta-glucan isolated from the grain of oats of the hollow grinded. The higher yield of beta-glucan from oat bran can be explained by the high content in them, and also by the use of a grain-sized grain. The preliminary dissolution of the proteins of the aleuron layer and endosperm in sodium hydroxide, as well as starch and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis thereof, leads to a more complete recovery of beta-glucan

ENZYME RESISTANCE OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED STARCH POTATOES

Here in this article the justification of expediency of enzyme resistant starch use in therapeutic food products is presented . Enzyme resistant starch is capable to resist to enzymatic hydrolysis in a small intestine of a person, has a low glycemic index, leads to decrease of postprandial concentration of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides in blood and insulin reaction, to improvement of sensitivity of all organism to insulin, to increase in sense of fulness and to reduction of adjournment of fats. Resistant starch makes bifidogenшс impact on microflora of a intestine of the person, leads to increase of a quantity of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium and to increased production of butyric acid in a large intestine. In this regard the enzyme resistant starch is an important component in food for prevention and curing of human diseases such as diabetes, obesity, colitis, a cancer of large and direct intestine. One method is specified by authors for imitation of starch digestion in a human body. This method is based on the definition of an enzyme resistance of starch in vitro by its hydrolysis to glucose with application of a glucoamylase and digestive enzyme preparation Pancreatin. This method is used in researches of an enzyme resistance of starch, of genetically modified potato, high amylose corn starch Hi-Maize 1043 and HYLON VII (National Starch Food Innovation, USA), amylopectin and amylose. It is shown that the enzyme resistance of the starch emitted from genetically modified potatoes conforms to the enzyme resistance of the high amylose corn starch “Hi-Maize 1043 and HYLON VII starch”, (National Starch Food Innovation, the USA) relating to the II type of enzyme resistant starch. It is established that amylopectin doesn't have the enzyme resistant properties. The results of researches are presented. They allow us to make the following conclusion: amylose in comparison with amylopectin possesses higher enzyme resistance and gives to potatoes starch the increased enzyme resistant properties

Correction of Local Brain Temperature after Severe Brain Injury Using Hypothermia and Medical Microwave Radiometry (MWR) as Companion Diagnostics

The temperature of the brain can reflect the activity of its different regions, allowing us to evaluate the connections between them. A study involving 111 patients in a vegetative state or minimally conscious state used microwave radiometry to measure their cortical temperature. The patients were divided into a main group receiving a 10-day selective craniocerebral hypothermia (SCCH) procedure, and a control group receiving basic therapy and rehabilitation. The main group showed a significant improvement in consciousness level as measured by CRS-R assessment on day 14 compared to the control group. Temperature heterogeneity increased in patients who received SCCH, while remaining stable in the control group. The use of microwave radiometry to assess rehabilitation effectiveness and the inclusion of SCCH in rehabilitation programs appears to be a promising approach.journal articl