The short bowel syndrome in children: peculiarities of etiopathogenesis, clinical signs and treatment (analysis of literature and own observations)

The short bowel syndrome in children: peculiarities of etiopathogenesis, clinical signs and treatment (analysis of literature and own observations

Вивчення стійкості антибіотикорезистентних штамів S. AUREUS до дезінфікуючих засобів з різними діючими речовинами

S. aureus is one of the main antibiotic-resistant pathogens of bacterial origin, which adapts very quickly to the selective pressure of antibiotic, antiseptic and disinfectants. It is believed that increased stability of staphylococci to antimicrobial agents is associated with uncontrolled application of them in the human population, in the population of animals, the spread of resistant strains between humans and animals, or the transfer of resistant strains from animals to humans (or vice versa) through direct contact and through consumption livestock industry products. Consequently, the study of phenotypic and genotypic mechanisms for the formation of acquired resistance to antimicrobial agents and the search for their common genetic mechanisms for such anxiety are topical issues of the present.The article presents research materials to determine the sensitivity of S. aureus field isolates to antibiotics and establishes the level of their resistance to all the drugs used. Based on the data presented, the polyantibiotic resistance of strains of Staphylococcus aureus with a resistance level of 11.1 to 88.9% was detected for 18 types of antibiotics used, including 3 strains of MRSA. The materials of the article give data on studies on the effects of some disinfectants on the polyantibiotic resin strain of the pathogen. The article presents the facts that revealed MRSA strains showed particular resistance to experimental disinfectants at certain working concentrations that did not neutralize the pathogen. Detected MRSA strains showed resistance to most antibiotics and were resistant to certain concentrations of disinfectants, which is probably due to the formation of a common phenotypic mechanism of resistance to the action of antibacterial drugs and agents.У статті подані дослідницькі матеріали з визначення чутливості польових ізолятів S. aureus до антибіотиків та встановлений рівень їхньої резистентності стосовно всіх застосованих препаратів. За представленими даними виявлена поліантибіотикорезистентність штамів золотистого стафілокока з рівнем стійкості від 11,1 до 88,9 % з огляду на 18 видів застосованих антибіотиків, в т.ч. і 3 штами MRSA. В матеріалах статті наведені дані досліджень з вивчення дії деяких дезінфікуючих засобів на поліантибіотикорезистені штами збудника. В статті приведені факти того, що виявлені штами MRSA проявляли особливу стійкість до дослідних дезінфектантів у певних їхніх робочих концентраціях, які не знешкоджували збудника. Виявлені MRSA штами проявляли резистентність до більшості антибіотиків та були стійкими до дії певних концентрацій дезінфікуючих засобів, що, ймовірно, пов’язане з формуванням спільного фенотипічного механізму стійкості до дії антибактеріальних препаратів і засобів

Drilling characteristics and properties analysis of fiber reinforced polymer composites: A comprehensive review

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites play a vital role in the production of structural and semi-structural components for engineering applications. The drilling process is a commonly employed machining process for FRP composites to join the FRP structural elements. Usually, the FRP composites possess a heterogeneous nature because of their multi-layered structure, hybridization, and the presence of multi-phase materials. Hence, common problems like delaminations, fuzzing, buckling, cracking, matrix and fiber burning occur during the drilling operations. These problems cause dimensional inaccuracy, poor surface finish, and tool wear and reduce the mechanical strength of the composites. The optimum drilling parameters (drill geometry, speed, feed, and depth of cut) selection for the specific materials is good to achieve effective drilling performance and better surface quality of the holes. Yet, little study has been done on how all of these factors affect the size of the drilled hole. The majority of drilling studies on FRPCs in the past have focused on how to improve the hole quality by maximizing processing conditions, and there has been little discussion on the correlation between drilling conditions, physical properties, and production techniques. This is what motivated to review the characteristics and properties analysis of FRP composites. As a consequence of this research, it is anticipated that scientists and researchers would place a greater emphasis on the drilling characteristic of the workpieces made from FRPCs than on other attributes. This review clearly presents an overview of FRP composites drilling that had progressed from 2000 to 2021. The analysis of different drilling conditions and parameters like thrust force, drill geometry, temperature, speed, and feed also includes the post-drilling analysis through delaminations, thermal damage, and surface roughness. Furthermore, the recent developments in carbon, glass, and natural fiber reinforced polymer composites are studied with both conventional and nonconventional drilling techniques. Based on the above studies, some future challenges and conclusions are drawn from this review

Breathing Current Domains in Globally Coupled Electrochemical Systems: A Comparison with a Semiconductor Model

Spatio-temporal bifurcations and complex dynamics in globally coupled intrinsically bistable electrochemical systems with an S-shaped current-voltage characteristic under galvanostatic control are studied theoretically on a one-dimensional domain. The results are compared with the dynamics and the bifurcation scenarios occurring in a closely related model which describes pattern formation in semiconductors. Under galvanostatic control both systems are unstable with respect to the formation of stationary large amplitude current domains. The current domains as well as the homogeneous steady state exhibit oscillatory instabilities for slow dynamics of the potential drop across the double layer, or across the semiconductor device, respectively. The interplay of the different instabilities leads to complex spatio-temporal behavior. We find breathing current domains and chaotic spatio-temporal dynamics in the electrochemical system. Comparing these findings with the results obtained earlier for the semiconductor system, we outline bifurcation scenarios leading to complex dynamics in globally coupled bistable systems with subcritical spatial bifurcations.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, 70 references, RevTex4 accepted by PRE http://pre.aps.or

Rescue of Photoreceptor Degeneration by Curcumin in Transgenic Rats with P23H Rhodopsin Mutation

The P23H mutation in the rhodopsin gene causes rhodopsin misfolding, altered trafficking and formation of insoluble aggregates leading to photoreceptor degeneration and autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP). There are no effective therapies to treat this condition. Compounds that enhance dissociation of protein aggregates may be of value in developing new treatments for such diseases. Anti-protein aggregating activity of curcumin has been reported earlier. In this study we present that treatment of COS-7 cells expressing mutant rhodopsin with curcumin results in dissociation of mutant protein aggregates and decreases endoplasmic reticulum stress. Furthermore we demonstrate that administration of curcumin to P23H-rhodopsin transgenic rats improves retinal morphology, physiology, gene expression and localization of rhodopsin. Our findings indicate that supplementation of curcumin improves retinal structure and function in P23H-rhodopsin transgenic rats. This data also suggest that curcumin may serve as a potential therapeutic agent in treating RP due to the P23H rhodopsin mutation and perhaps other degenerative diseases caused by protein trafficking defects

Progressive Neurodegeneration or Endogenous Compensation in an Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease Produced by Decreasing Doses of Alpha-Synuclein

The pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) are degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) and the presence of alpha-synuclein (α-syn)-rich Lewy bodies in DA cells that remain. To model these aspects of the disease, we previously showed that high titer (5.1×10exp12 gp/ml) AAV1/2 driven expression of A53T α-syn in the SN of rats caused nigrostriatal pathology including a loss of DA neurons, but also with toxicity in the GFP control group. In the current study, we evaluate the effects of two lower titers by dilution of the vector (1∶3 [1.7×10exp12] and 1∶10 [5.1×10exp11]) to define a concentration that produced pathology specific for α-syn. In GFP and empty vector groups there were no behavioural or post-mortem changes at 3 or 6 weeks post-administration at either vector dose. Dilution of the AAV1/2 A53T α-syn (1∶3) produced significant paw use asymmetry, reductions in striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and increases in DA turnover at 3 weeks in the absence of overt pathology. By 6 weeks greater evidence of pathology was observed and included, reductions in SN DA neurons, striatal DA, TH and DA-transporter, along with a sustained behavioural deficit. In contrast, the 1∶10 AAV1/2 A53T α-syn treated animals showed normalization between 3 and 6 weeks in paw use asymmetry, reductions in striatal TH, and increased DA turnover. Progression of dopaminergic deficits using the 1∶3 titer of AAV1/2 A53Tα-syn provides a platform for evaluating treatments directed at preventing and/or reversing synucleinopathy. Use of the 1∶10 titer of AAV1/2 A53T α-syn provides an opportunity to study mechanisms of endogenous compensation. Furthermore, these data highlight the need to characterize the titer of vector being utilized, when using AAV to express pathogenic proteins and model disease process, to avoid producing non-specific effects