Geophysical characteristics and structural composition of clay rocks in the terrigenous complex of the southeastern part of the West Siberian oil and gas bearing pro

The basic attributes identifying the clay rock composition in the terrigenous complex of the southeastern part of the West-Siberian platform have been determined, based on the correlation of structural composition and geophysical data, including induced potential logging, apparent resistivity, induction logging, radioactive and caliper logging. According to the obtained results it is possible to identify above-mentioned rocks in well logs, even under conditions of limited core samples, their application in well log correlation and back stripping. Key words: geophysical well logging, the West-Siberian oil and gas bearing province, terrigenous complex, clay rocks, back stripping

Predicted facies, sedimentary structures and potential resources of Jurassic petroleum complex in S-E Western Siberia (based on well logging data)

This paper is devoted to the current problem in petroleum geology and geophysics- prediction of facies sediments for further evaluation of productive layers. Applying the acoustic method and the characterizing sedimentary structure for each coastal-marine-delta type was determined. The summary of sedimentary structure characteristics and reservoir properties (porosity and permeability) of typical facies were described. Logging models SP, EL and GR (configuration, curve range) in interpreting geophysical data for each litho-facies were identified. According to geophysical characteristics these sediments can be classified as coastal-marine-delta. Prediction models for potential Jurassic oil-gas bearing complexes (horizon J[1]{1}) in one S-E Western Siberian deposit were conducted. Comparing forecasting to actual testing data of layer J[1]{1} showed that the prediction is about 85%

Core acid treatment influence on well reservoir properties in Kazan oil-gas condensate field

The research involves investigation of the influence of hydrochloric acid (HCI-12%) and mud acid ( mixture: HCl - 10 % and HF - 3 %) treatment on the Upper-Jurassic reservoir properties in Kazan oil-gas condensate field wells. The sample collection included three lots of core cylinders from one and the same depth (all in all 42). Two lots of core cylinders were distributed as following: first lot - reservoir properties were determined, and, then thin sections were cut off from cylinder faces; second lot- core cylinders were exposed to hydrochloric acid treatment, then, after flushing the reservoir properties were determined, and thin sections were prepared. Based on the quantitative petrographic rock analysis, involvin 42 thin sections, the following factors were determined: granulometric mineral composition, cement content, intergranular contacts and pore space structure. According to the comparative analysis of initial samples, the following was determined: content decrease of feldspar, clay and mica fragments, mica, clay and carbonate cement; increase of pore spaces while in the investigated samples- on exposure of rocks to acids effective porosity and permeability value range is ambiguous

Features of intensive organ-sparing therapy for massive postpartum hemorrhage

Bleeding in pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is no doubt that obstetric bleeding demands the development of improved methods for its diagnostics and treatment. We assessed the effectiveness of the treatment strategy for massive postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) with preservation of reproductive function, applied in the Perinatal Center of Irkutsk. We performed a retrospective analysis of 24 delivery cases, complicated by massive bleeding and successfully treated with preservation of reproductive organs. The massive nature of bleeding (> 30 % of blood volume) was registered in 15 (62.5 %) cases, mild (> 20 % bu

Variability of cef Genes in Toxigenic and Non-Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 Strains

Objective of the investigation was a comparative bioinformatics analysis of Vibrio cholerae О1 Cef (CHO cell elongating factor) genes and proteins. Materials and methods. 36 Vibrio cholerae О1 strains from the Rostov-on-Don Research Anti-Plague Institute collection have been utilized. DNA sequencing was conducted on the MiSeq platform (Illumina); gene identification and analysis was carried out by means of BioEdit 7.2.5, BLASTN 2.2.29, BLASTP, MEGA 7, Vector NTI Advance 11 software programs. Results and conclusions. The data obtained confirmed Cef to be rather conserved in choleragenic strains (carrying cholera toxin genes ctxAB as a part of genome-integrated CTX prophage): all of them shared closely related prototype alleles cefС or cefЕ1. The Е1 allele was also revealed in ctxAB– strains carrying the pre-CTX prophage and in a single strain lacking both prophages. In the rest of CTX–/pre-CTX– V. cholerae four novel cef variants, that were not previously described, have been identified, two of which (E2 and E3), belonging to the Russian isolates, appeared to be unique, while for the two others absolute homologues were found in NCBI. In this connection several strains which caused severe cholera-like diseases in humans were placed in the group of cefЕ4 host strains. Since Cef is one of pathogenicity/persistence factors of cholera vibrios, we presume that conservation of its altered variants in the course of natural selection embodies a certain biological sense in respect of possible acquisition of qualities, significant for realization of both pathogenic and persistence potential

Analysis of the Results of Cholera Vibrios Monitoring in Environmental Objects in the Administrative Territories of the Russian Federation Using GIS “CHOLERA 1989–2014”

Objective of the work was to compare the results of monitoring of Vibrio cholerae strains isolated in the territories of federal districts, their constituent entities and from certain water bodies between 2006–2016. Based on the methodology, using updated geoinformation system “Cholera 1989–2014”, a comparative study of the dynamics of isolation and biological properties of 586 Vibrio cholerae O1, O139 strains and R-variants, collected from the surface water bodies in the administrative territories of Russia, was carried out. Eventually it is established that Vibrio cholerae strains of various serogroups are found in the territory of all federal districts, but not in all the entities included in them. It is shown that the greatest number of isolated strains was registered in the Southern Federal District. The overwhelming number of Vibrio cholerae strains, isolated in the country, were non-toxigenic. It was noted that against the background of epidemiological welfare, the detection of single epidemiologically significant strains continued (Rostov Region).ctxA–tcpA+ strains were found in the Southern, Far Eastern and North-Western Federal Districts. It is established that until 2013 in five constituent entities strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 in water bodies were not detected. Non-toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Ogawa serovar prevailed in the territories of the Southern and Ural, and Inaba serovar – in the remaining Federal Districts.The most frequently isolated were non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 strains with phagotype 15, while isolates with phagotypes 4, 5, 10, 14 and 17 were traced only in the Southern Federal District. The data obtained formed the basis of the approach that contributes to a comprehensive assessment of the epidemiological situation on cholera in the territory of Russia and highlighted the prospects for using GIS to improve the effectiveness of cholera vibrio monitoring in surface water bodies

Investigation of the Lipopolysaccharide Cluster Structure in the Genomes of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> Rough Variants

Determination of Vibrio cholerae affiliation to one or another serogroup may meet some difficulties in cases of atypical agglutination with diagnostic cholera sera. The study of genetic determinants that allows for identifying a serogroup is a relevant task in monitoring of surface water body contamination with cholera vibrios.The aim of the work was to compare the structural organization (quantitative and qualitative gene composition) of LPS clusters in V. cholerae rough variants.Materials and methods. We used Illumina MiSeq for the whole genome sequencing; SPAdes software (version 3.11.1) for de novo assembly; and blastn (v. 2.5.0) for gene searching. GeneMarkS software was deployed for annotation of the genes incorporated in the clusters; nucmer – for searching homologous sites. Visualization of O-LPS clusters was carried out by means of SnapGene Viewer.Results and discussion. Strains of V. cholerae rough variants had diverse gene clusters responsible for O-antigen biosynthesis. We have identified three types of O-LPS clusters with different size and number of genes. Unique DNA sites, common to the whole group of V. cholerae rough variants, have not been detected. Two genes present in all rough strains have been defined, but they are not unique for this group of strains and can be found in representatives of other serogroups. For two types of clusters, a region containing the IS‑element, common with V. cholerae O1, has been revealed

Considerations for the Bioanalytical Part of Equivalence Studies of Biosimilar Nadroparin Calcium

According to current regulatory views, a comparative study of the pharmacodynamics (PD) of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) products and confirmation of their equivalence require comparing three PD markers: the anti-Xa activity, the anti-IIa activity, and the tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) concentration. The aim of this study was to analyse the features specific to the bioanalytical part of an equivalence study of a nadroparin calcium biosimilar after single subcutaneous administration. Material and methods: the anti-Xa and anti-IIa activity values and TFPI content were determined in human plasma samples obtained after single subcutaneous administration of the test and the reference product in the same dose, using commercially available reagent kits and pre-validated assays. The authors calculated the main PD parameters (surrogate pharmacokinetic markers), namely the maximum activity or concentration (Amax or Cmax), time to maximum activity or concentration (Tmax), area under the activity–time (or concentration–time) curve (AUC ), and half-life period (T1/2), by means of model-independent statistical moment analysis and carried out further statistical testing of the parameters. Results: the anti-Xa activity and TFPI concentration results provided for  the  possibility  of  calculating  and  comparing  the PD parameters (Amax or Cmax, AUC0-24, AUC0-∞, Tmax, T1/2) and estimating the confidence intervals that are necessary to confirm the bioequivalence of the studied products. The anti-IIa activity data had a characteristic pattern of slight fluctuations around one level, which prevented the calculation and comparison of PD parameters. Conclusion: the study identified specific features to consider when planning comparative PD studies of nadroparin calcium products. Firstly, it is feasible to divide samples into two test aliquots (one for anti-Xa and anti-IIa activity determination, the other for TFPI analysis) at the moment of collection in order to perform the analytical step correctly. Secondly, there is no need in full validation for the bioanalytical assays of the anti-Xa and anti-II activity and TFPI content in human plasma validated in the concentration ranges of 0.024–0.182 IU/mL, 0.0069–0.052 IU/mL and 1.56–100 ng/mL, respectively; a confirmation that the active ingredient does not interfere with the analytical procedure is adequate for the purpose. Finally, the data obtained may not allow for calculating PD parameters and comparing confidence intervals for all three markers. The listed considerations may be relevant for other LMWH products as well

Recent achievements in CAR-T cell immunotherapy for glioblastoma treatment

Glioblastoma remains the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor today. Because of the neuroanatomical location of glioblastoma, conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy have limited efficacy in patients with these tumors. Over the past decade, antitumor immunotherapy has become widespread among modern therapeutic approaches. The importance of immunotherapeutic methods lies in their ability to increase the effectiveness of cancer treatment and prevent relapses by enhancing the systemic and local immune response against tumor cells.One of the most promising directions in modern immunotherapy is CAR-T therapy, or adoptive cell therapy using genetically modified T-lymphocytes. The functional advantage of CAR-T therapy is its ability to genetically modify lymphocytes, leading to their activation in vitro.This review examines the key principles of CAR-T therapy and analyzes the published results of clinical trials for the treatment of glioblastoma using several modifications of CAR-T cells

Assessment of the Variation Range of Agglutinability in <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> Strains Isolated in the Course of Monitoring Studies

The aim of the study was to retrospectively analyze the range of variability of antigenic properties and genotypic characteristics of Vibrio cholerae R-variant strains atypical in terms of agglutinability.Materials and methods. 169 strains of V. cholerae R-variant with atypical agglutinability have been studied using the “AmpliSens® Vibrio cholerae-FL” test-system. The determination of O1 antigen was carried out using the “Ig-V. cholerae О1/О139 – ELISA/dot-ELISA” reagent kit.Results and discussion. A retrospective analysis of the complex of phenoand genotypic characteristics of strains isolated from surface water bodies in the territories of three former Soviet republics and 13 constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the course of 30-year monitoring and identified upon isolation as nontoxigenic V. cholerae R-variant strains has been performed. Upon re-identification, it was found that the strains belong to both epidemically dangerous (3.0 %) and non-dangerous strains (97.0 %). The range of variability was expressed in their distribution into three groups and consisted in retaining of agglutinability only with cholera RO serum in the first group (34.5 % of strains); the loss of this trait, but the acquisition of the ability to agglutinate in different combinations with O1, Ogawa or Inaba sera – in the second (16.7 %); and also in the loss of agglutinability with all diagnostic cholera sera – in the third (48.8 %). The presence of the wbeT gene in the compared V. cholerae classical R-variant strain does not exclude the presence of the genomic region for O1 antigen biosynthesis in other R-strains, possibly in a modified form, which can be clarified in further molecular-genetic studies. Alternatively, such strains are likely to be attributed to V. cholerae nonO1/nonO139. Strains of V. cholerae R-variant with different amounts of surface antigen (optical density range – from 0.088±0.002 to 1.226±0.003) have been identified. The data obtained can be used for monitoring of cholera in laboratories of regional and federal levels