Vs sustainable development: scenarios for the future

Issues of sustainable development began to concern mankind starting from the 20th century, when mass industrialization and the depletion of natural resource potential contributed to the formulation of environmental issues at one of the leading places in scientific discourse. However, what if the goals of sustainable development would not be achieved to 2030? What other way we can identify for humanity to survive? So, the study is about the problems of studying the understanding of the term “sustainable development”, considering the evolution of the formation of the concept of sustainable development and analyzing the modern goals of sustainable development for attainability. From an analysis of domestic and foreign experience, possible scenarios of the development of mankind are identified (such as 1. Creating an environmental framework, 2. Implementation of sustainable nature management practices in the conditions of natural and man-made objects, 3. Implementation of “geoengineering projects”, 4. Construction of autonomous ecosystems, 5. Space exploration in search of a new planet for life, provided that the goals of sustainable development would not be achieved. It has been established that today probability of achieving all the sustainable development goals by 2030 is too small, and the indicated scenarios require, firstly, the development of science and technology, and secondly, a competent assessment of the value of nature and solving the issue of specifying property rights for natural goods

Периоперационная динамика сывороточной концентрации глиального фибриллярного кислого протеина и замедленное когнитивное восстановление: экспериментальное обсервационное исследование

A number of studies have found an association between the increased concentration of glial fibrillar acid protein (GFAP) in blood serum in patients with various types of brain damage (ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative and neuro-oncological diseases), as well as with a rapid decline in cognitive functions in elderly people with initially normal cognitive abilities.The objective: to identify the relationship between delayed cognitive recovery and changes in serum GFAP concentration in the perioperative period in patients operated for various oncological diseases.Subjects and Methods. The study included 30 patients who underwent surgical treatment for prostate cancer, colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer under combined general anesthesia.The inclusion criteria were the expected duration of the operation over 300 minutes and the age over 60 years. GFAP was determined in plasma by enzyme immunoassay before anesthesia, the next day after surgery and on the 4th–5th day. Neuropsychological testing was performed before surgery and on the 4th–5th postoperative day. Delayed cognitive recovery was defined as a decrease in the composite z-score of more than one standard deviation (SD) compared to the preoperative assessment.Correlation analysis was performed between changes in the composite z-score (in absolute values) and the difference in GFAP concentration between the outcome and the first postoperative day, the outcome and the 4th–5th postoperative day and the first and 4th–5th postoperative days.Results. In five cases (16.6%), a decrease in the composite z-score > 1 SD was revealed indicating a delayed cognitive recovery. In the remaining 25 (83.4%) patients, changes in the composite z-score were less than one standard deviation. The median concentration of GFAP in patients with delayed cognitive recovery was 0.13 [0.1; 0.14] before surgery, 0.12 [0.09; 0.14] the day after surgery and 0.16 [0.05; 0.19] on the 4th–5th day after surgery. In patients without cognitive impairment, the concentration of GFAP was 0.15 [0.125; 0.184] before surgery, 0.15 [0.121; 0.163] 24 hours after surgery and 0.13 [0.079; 0.151] on the 4th–5th day after surgery. The correlation values between changes in the composite z-score and the difference in GFAP concentrations were: between the outcome and the first postoperative day – rs = 0.107, p = 0.37, outcome and the 4th–5th postoperative day – rs = 0.134, p = 0.37, the first and 4th‒5th postoperative days – rs = 0.21, p = 0.37.Discussion. There was no statistically significant difference in GFAP levels between patients with delayed cognitive recovery and patients without cognitive impairment. There was also no correlation between the difference in GFAP concentrations in plasma before surgery and 24 hours after, before surgery and on the 4th–5th day of the postoperative period and the composite z-score.Conclusions. The use of GFAP to predict cognitive decline associated with surgical treatment of colorectal cancer, prostate cancer and pancreatic cancer under general anesthesia is not yet possible.В ряде исследований была обнаружена связь между повышенной концентрацией глиального фибриллярного кислого протеина (GFAP) в сыворотке крови у пациентов с различными вариантами поражения головного мозга (ишемическим инсультом, травматическим повреждением головного мозга, нейродегенеративными и нейроонкологическими заболеваниями), а также с быстрым снижением когнитивных функций у пожилых людей c исходно нормальными когнитивными способностями.Цель: выявить взаимосвязь между замедленным когнитивным восстановлением и изменением концентрации GFAP сыворотки крови в периоперационном периоде у пациентов, оперированных по поводу различных онкологических заболеваний.Материал и методы. В исследование включено 30 пациентов, перенесших оперативное лечение по поводу рака предстательной железы, колоректального рака и рака поджелудочной железы в условиях комбинированной общей анестезии. Критериями включения были ожидаемая продолжительность операции более 300 мин и возраст более 60 лет. GFAP определяли в плазме иммуноферментным анализом до введения анестезии, на следующий день после операции и на 4‒5-е сут. Нейропсихологическое тестирование выполняли до операции и на 4‒5-й послеоперационный день. Замедленное когнитивное восстановление определяли как снижение композитного z-балла более одного стандартного (SD) отклонения по сравнению с предоперационной оценкой. Корреляционный анализ проводили между изменениями композитного z-балла (в абсолютных значениях) и разницей в концентрации GFAP между исходом и первым послеоперационным днем, исходом и 4‒5-м послеоперационным днем и первым и 4‒5-м послеоперационными днями.Результаты. В 5 (16,6%) случаях выявлено снижение композитного z-балла > 1 SD, что указывало на замедленное когнитивное восстановление. У остальных 25 (83,4%) пациентов изменения композитного z-балла были менее одного стандартного отклонения. Медиана концентрации GFAP у пациентов с замедленным когнитивным восстановлением составила 0,13 [0,1; 0,14] до операции, 0,12 [0,09; 0,14] на следующий день после операции и 0,16 [0,05; 0,19] на 4‒5-е сут после операции. У пациентов без когнитивных нарушений концентрация GFAP составила 0,15 [0,125; 0,184] до операции, 0,15 [0,121; 0,163] через 24 после операции и 0,13 [0,079; 0,151] на 4‒5-е сут после операции. Значения корреляции между изменениями композитного z-балла и разницей концентраций GFAP составили: между исходом и первым послеоперационным днем – rs = 0,107, p = 0,37, исходом и 4‒5-м послеоперационным днем – rs = 0,134, p = 0,37, первым и 4‒5-м послеоперационными днями – rs = 0,21, p = 0,37.Обсуждение. Не выявлено статистически значимой разницы в уровнях GFAP между пациентами с замедленным когнитивным восстановлением и пациентами без когнитивных нарушений. Также не обнаружено корреляции между разницей концентраций GFAP в плазме до операции и через 24 ч после, до операции и на 4‒5-е сут послеоперационного периода и композитным z-счетом.Выводы. Использование GFAP для прогнозирования снижения когнитивных функций, связанного с оперативным лечением колоректального рака, рака предстательной железы и рака поджелудочной железы в условиях общей анестезии, пока не представляется возможным

Magmatism and metallogeny of the transverse structures of the North Urals

The article contains summarized results of the study of Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic magmatic complexes of the North Urals; there are three age levels of the plume-type intraplate magmatism: Permian-Triassic alkaline-acid (Torasoveysky, Levdievsky, Pon'insky complexes), Triassic-Jurassic trappean (Musyursky, Yatyinsky complexes), and Jurassic-Cretaceous alkaline-basite (Yalyayakhinsky, Marunsky, and Osoveisky complexes). The author shows their confinement to transverse disjunctive structures discordant to the general submeridional structure of the folded system. For the first time the author provides results of studying the isotope age of magmatites and describes their geochemical and metallogenic specializations. Thus, the Late Permian-Early Triassic stage is characterized by the manifestation of alkaline-acidic magmatism and associated mineralization of rare metal-albitite (Ta-Nb-Th-U) with gold and platinoids (Taykeusky, Longotsky deposits), quartz-fluorite and carbonatefluorite (Amderminsky deposit), and gold-copper-molybdenum-porphyry (Levdievsky manifestation) formations. The ore objects of the Triassic-Jurassic stage due to the magmatism of trappean type are represented by small objects of gold-porphyry (Petropavlovsky deposit) formation, as well as by deposits of crystal, Iceland spar (Khasavarka, Pelin-gichey deposit) and agates (Harbeysky-Yagodny manifestation). The productivity of alkaline-basite-ultrabasite magmatism formations, attributed to manifestations of mantle and crust-mantle types, is of interest primarily for their probable diamond content (Nemziyakhinsky complex). In addition, alkalinebasite magmatism is promising for the manifestations of mercury, tungsten-mercury (Malotal'beysky, Sfinks manifestations), gold-quartz-sulfide with platinoids (Penzengoyakhinsky manifestation and others) and quartz-antimonite (Verkhnekhanmeisky, Slavkino ore manifestations) formations. The author makes a conclusion on the connection between the magmatism of the Urals and the processes that occurred in the foundation of the West Siberian plate

METHODOLOGICAL TOOLS TO ENSURE THE COMPLETENESS OF THE NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES USE IN AN ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE SUBSOIL USE

The relevance of the study. One of the main conditions for environmentally sustainable subsoil use is to minimize the depletion of mineral resources. It involves the most efficient and complete development of reserves of exploited mineral deposits. At the same time, the loss and dilution rates in mining remain high. On average, in the mining industry, the amount of losses is determined in 10–50 %. Positive changes in solving this problem are very small due to the lack of the effective guidelines aimed at the completeness of the study of subsoil resources. The purpose of the study is to develop methodological tools to ensure the full use of non – renewable resources. The results obtained in the course of research are as follows: the tendency of systematic overstatement of reserves is revealed. This requires clarification of the coefficients of transfer of reserves to higher categories. The necessity for increasing the reliability of geological information both in geological study of subsoil and in operational exploration is proved. The expediency of the advanced geological study of mineral resources in the process of field development is substantiated. The method of its efficiency evaluation is specified. This method considers the effect due to the increase in the completeness of the use of mineral resources. The effect formed by increasing the level of the mining operations safety and the effect of increasing the level of investment attractiveness of the object of subsoil use are also considered. Applying the results. The developed methodological tools aimed at minimizing the depletion of non-renewable natural resources, contains proposals for detailing the amount of mineral resources and improving the reliability of geological information. These tools will allow subsoil users to achieve an increase in the completeness of subsoil use, providing an ecological and economic effect

Economic evaluation of mineral resources potential of solid minerals with a view to the national resource mode

The article presents the results of the revaluation of the mineral resource potential objects of the Northern and Subpolar Ural Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug − Ugra with the national resource of the regime. The aim of presented research is the development of theory and methodology of complex study and evaluation of mineral resources in the Northern, polar and Arctic territories in various stages of geological survey and development of uncertainty and risks. Author's method of accounting the national resource regime for the economic evaluation of the prospects of the mineral and raw materials potential is presented. In the course of the research were used, income, comparative approaches to the economic valuation and analyzed method abstract generic values of the (potential value), applied theoretical apparatus of the institutional theory. As a result of research, the following conclusions were made: underreporting of existing methods of economic evaluation of mineral-raw potential environmental and including institutional risks leads to incorrect results; a widely used procedure of assessment of country risks, based on applications of credit ratings and contain high share of subjectivity; the evaluation of a national resource of the regime showed high institutional risks in comparison with other countries, actively exploiting mineral resources, which indicates the need for a substantial change of the state commodity policies with a view to reducing institutional risks; the conducted economic revaluation showed the usefulness of involving in economic circulation of the facilities of mineral-raw potential of the KhMAO-Ugra only in the case of system development of the region; a revalued mineral and raw material potential is able to meet only local requirements for raw materials part of the industrial potential of the Ural region and the adjacent areas and only under the condition of construction of new of appropriate transport and energy infrastructure

THE PRODUCTION OF THE MINERAL BASE IN THE URAL PART OF HANTI-MANSIYSK IN THE AUTONOMOUS REGION OF YUGRA

The necessity of reproduction process intensification Urals Mountains is proved in the clause. There are presented maden mineral resources potential value estimation of Hunty-Mansiysk autonomous region – Ugra`s mountain part and the author's methodical approach to reproduction process regulation of the mineral resources base, realized in conditions HMAO – Ugra`s Ural part

Modern Challenges for Oil and Gas Education

Today, in education in general and in higher education in particular, there is no more pressing problem than the organization of the educational process in the context of a pandemic that all universities in the world are facing. Also, there are no universal recipes for how to organize educational and scientific processes in a university without losing quality. The authors share their experience on how to restructure the work of teachers with students in the context of distance communication, organize the work of an educational portal, conduct training sessions, internships, state final certification, create motivational remuneration for the teaching staff. The article concludes that the challenges of the pandemic to higher education made it possible to find algorithms for interaction between students and teachers in the online environment, showed the need to improve the methodological qualifications of teachers, motivational and psychological support for participants in the educational process, accelerate the development of digital resources