12,754 research outputs found
Lysine-Arginine Advanced Glycation End-Product Cross-links and the Effect on Collagen Structure: A Molecular Dynamics Study
The accumulation of advanced glycation end-products is a fundamental process that
is central to age-related decline in musculoskeletal tissues and locomotor system
function and other collagen-rich tissues. However, although computational studies of
advanced glycation end-product cross-links could be immensely valuable, this area
remains largely unexplored given the limited availability of structural parameters for
the derivation of force fields for Molecular Dynamics simulations. In this article, we
present the bonded force constants, atomic partial charges and geometry of the
arginine-lysine cross-links DOGDIC, GODIC, and MODIC. We have performed in
vacuo Molecular Dynamics simulations to validate their implementation against
quantum mechanical frequency calculations. A DOGDIC advanced glycation endproduct cross-link was then inserted into a model collagen fibril to explore structural
changes of collagen and dynamics in interstitial water. Unlike our previous studies of
glucosepane, our findings suggest that intra-collagen DOGDIC cross-links furthers
intra-collagen peptide hydrogen-bonding and does not promote the diffusion of
water through the collagen triple helices
Higgs Physics at the Large Hadron Collider
In this talk I will begin by summarising the importance of the Higgs physics
studies at the LHC. I will then give a short description of the pre-LHC
constraints on the Higgs mass and the theoretical predictions for the LHC along
with a discussion of the current experimental results, ending with prospects in
the near future at the LHC. In addition to the material covered in the
presented talk, I have included in the writeup, a critical appraisal of the
theoretical uncertainties in the Higgs cross-sections at the Tevatron as well
as a discussion of the recent experimental results from the LHC which have
become available since the time of the workshop.Comment: LateX, 12 figures, 15 pages, Presented at the XIth Workshop on High
Energy Physics Phenomenology, 2010, Ahmedabad, Indi
Substrate-induced band gap opening in epitaxial graphene
Graphene has shown great application potentials as the host material for next
generation electronic devices. However, despite its intriguing properties, one
of the biggest hurdles for graphene to be useful as an electronic material is
its lacking of an energy gap in the electronic spectra. This, for example,
prevents the use of graphene in making transistors. Although several proposals
have been made to open a gap in graphene's electronic spectra, they all require
complex engineering of the graphene layer. Here we show that when graphene is
epitaxially grown on the SiC substrate, a gap of ~ 0.26 is produced. This gap
decreases as the sample thickness increases and eventually approaches zero when
the number of layers exceeds four. We propose that the origin of this gap is
the breaking of sublattice symmetry owing to the graphene-substrate
interaction. We believe our results highlight a promising direction for band
gap engineering of graphene.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures; updated reference
Higgs production in CP-violating supersymmetric cascade decays: probing the `open hole' at the Large Hadron Collider
A benchmark CP-violating supersymmetric scenario (known as 'CPX-scenario' in
the literature) is studied in the context of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
It is shown that the LHC, with low to moderate accumulated luminosity, will be
able to probe the existing `hole' in the - plane, which
cannot be ruled out by the LEP data. We explore the parameter space with
cascade decay of third generation squarks and gluino with CP-violating decay
branching fractions. We propose a multi-channel analysis to probe this
parameter space some of which are background free at an integrated luminosity
of 5-10 fb. Specially, multi-lepton final states (3\l,\, 4\l and like
sign di-lepton) are almost background free and have reach for the
corresponding signals with very early data of LHC for both 14 TeV and 7 TeV
center of mass energy.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures, references added as in the journal versio
Autopsy in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD).
The adult congenital heart diseases (ACHD) population is exceeding the pediatric congenital heart diseases (CHD) population and is progressively expanding each year, representing more than 90% of patients with CHD. Of these, about 75% have undergone surgical and/or percutaneous intervention for palliation or correction. Autopsy can be a very challenging procedure in ACHD patients. The approach and protocol to be used may vary depending on whether the pathologists are facing native disease without surgical or percutaneous interventions, but with various degrees of cardiac remodeling, or previously palliated or corrected CHD. Moreover, interventions for the same condition have evolved over the last decades, as has perioperative myocardial preservations and postoperative care, with different long-term sequelae depending on the era in which patients were operated on. Careful clinicopathological correlation is, thus, required to assist the pathologist in performing the autopsy and reaching a diagnosis regarding the cause of death. Due to the heterogeneity of the structural abnormalities, and the wide variety of surgical and interventional procedures, there are no standard methods for dissecting the heart at autopsy. In this paper, we describe the most common types of CHDs that a pathologist could encounter at autopsy, including the various types of surgical and percutaneous procedures and major pathological manifestations. We also propose a practical systematic approach to the autopsy of ACHD patients
Does the `Higgs' have Spin Zero?
The Higgs boson is predicted to have spin zero. The ATLAS and CMS experiments
have recently reported of an excess of events with mass ~ 125 GeV that has some
of the characteristics expected for a Higgs boson. We address the questions
whether there is already any evidence that this excess has spin zero, and how
this possibility could be confirmed in the near future. The excess observed in
the gamma gamma final state could not have spin one, leaving zero and two as
open possibilities. We calculate the angular distribution of gamma gamma pairs
from the decays of a spin-two boson produced in gluon-gluon collisions, showing
that is unique and distinct from the spin-zero case. We also calculate the
distributions for lepton pairs that would be produced in the W W* decays of a
spin-two boson, which are very different from those in Higgs decays, and note
that the kinematics of the event selection used to produce the excess observed
in the W W* final state have reduced efficiency for spin two.Comment: 22 pages, 22 figures, Version accepted for publication in JHEP,
includes additional plots of dilepton mass distribution
Higgs Physics: Theory
I review the theoretical aspects of the physics of Higgs bosons, focusing on
the elements that are relevant for the production and detection at present
hadron colliders. After briefly summarizing the basics of electroweak symmetry
breaking in the Standard Model, I discuss Higgs production at the LHC and at
the Tevatron, with some focus on the main production mechanism, the gluon-gluon
fusion process, and summarize the main Higgs decay modes and the experimental
detection channels. I then briefly survey the case of the minimal
supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model. In a last section, I review the
prospects for determining the fundamental properties of the Higgs particles
once they have been experimentally observed.Comment: 21 pages, 15 figures. Talk given at the XXV International Symposium
on Lepton Photon Interactions at High Energies (Lepton Photon 11), 22-27
August 2011, Mumbai, Indi
Effects of Multi-Surface Modification on Curie temperature of ferroelectric films
Within the framework of mean field theory, we study the effects of
multi-surface modification on Curie temperature of ferroelectric films using
the transverse Ising model. The general nonlinear equations for Curie
temperature of multi-surface ferroelectric films with arbitrary exchange
constants and transverse fields are derived by the transfer matrix method. As
an example, we consider a film consisting of top surface layers, bulk layers
and bottom surface layers. Two types of surface modifications, modifications of
a surface exchange constant and a surface transverse field are taken into
account. The dependence of Curie temperature on the surface layer numbers, bulk
layer numbers, surface exchange constants, surface transverse fields and bulk
transverse fields is discussed.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
Essential self-adjointness of magnetic Schr\"odinger operators on locally finite graphs
We give sufficient conditions for essential self-adjointness of magnetic
Schr\"odinger operators on locally finite graphs. Two of the main theorems of
the present paper generalize recent results of Torki-Hamza.Comment: 14 pages; The present version differs from the original version as
follows: the ordering of presentation has been modified in several places,
more details have been provided in several places, some notations have been
changed, two examples have been added, and several new references have been
inserted. The final version of this preprint will appear in Integral
Equations and Operator Theor
Antenatal atazanavir: a retrospective analysis of pregnancies exposed to atazanavir.
INTRODUCTION: There are few data regarding the tolerability, safety, or efficacy of antenatal atazanavir. We report our clinical experience of atazanavir use in pregnancy.
METHODS: A retrospective medical records review of atazanavir-exposed pregnancies in 12 London centres between 2004 and 2010.
RESULTS: There were 145 pregnancies in 135 women: 89 conceived whilst taking atazanavir-based combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), "preconception" atazanavir exposure; 27 started atazanavir-based cART as "first-line" during the pregnancy; and 29 "switched" to an atazanavir-based regimen from another cART regimen during pregnancy. Gastrointestinal intolerance requiring atazanavir cessation occurred in five pregnancies. Self-limiting, new-onset transaminitis was most common in first-line use, occurring in 11.0%. Atazanavir was commenced in five switch pregnancies in the presence of transaminitis, two of which discontinued atazanavir with persistent transaminitis. HIV-VL < 50 copies/mL was achieved in 89.3% preconception, 56.5% first-line, and 72.0% switch exposures. Singleton preterm delivery (<37 weeks) occurred in 11.7% preconception, 9.1% first-line, and 7.7% switch exposures. Four infants required phototherapy. There was one mother-to-child transmission in a poorly adherent woman.
CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that atazanavir is well tolerated and can be safely prescribed as a component of combination antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy
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