1,287 research outputs found

    Non-Fatal Gun Use in Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review of the Literature

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    Guns figure prominently in the homicide of women by an intimate partner. Less is known, however, about their non-fatal use against an intimate partner. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched eight electronic databases and identified 10 original research articles that reported the prevalence of the non-fatal use of firearms against an intimate partner. Results indicate that: 1) There is relatively little research on the subject of intimate partners’ non-fatal gun use against women. 2) The number of U.S. women alive today who have had an intimate partner use a gun against them is substantial: About 4.5 million have had an intimate partner threaten them with a gun and nearly one million have been shot or shot at by an intimate partner. Whether non-fatal gun use is limited to the extreme form of abuse (battering) or whether it occurs in the context of situational violence remains to be seen. Regardless, when it comes to the likely psychological impact, it may be a distinction without a difference; because guns can be lethal quickly and with relatively little effort, displaying or threatening with a gun can create a context known as coercive control, which facilitates chronic and escalating abuse. Implications for policy, practice, and research are discussed, all of which include expanding an implicit focus on homicide to include an intimate partner’s non-fatal use of a gun

    Thermal stability of ultrasoft Fe–Zr–N films

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    The thermal stability of nanocrystalline ultrasoft magnetic (Fe98Zr2)1−xNx films with x = 0.10–0.25 was studied using thermal desorption spectrometry, positron beam analysis and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results demonstrate that grain growth during the heat treatment is accompanied by an increase of the free volume and nitrogen relocation and desorption. All these phenomena can drastically degrade the ultrasoft magnetic properties. The nitrogen desorption has already started at temperatures around 400 K. Nevertheless, most of the nitrogen leaves the sample at a temperature above 800 K. We found that nitrogen out-diffusion is significantly retarded compared with the prediction of the diffusion in bulk α-Fe. A qualitative model is proposed in which the nitrogen out-diffusion in nanocrystalline material is retarded by trapping at immobile defects, namely Zr atoms, and also by voids at grain boundaries. From a certain temperature, nitrogen migrates from the interior of the nanograins to the nanovoids at the grain boundaries and the out-diffusion to the outer surface is controlled by transport between the voids.

    Evaluatie aanvullende en collectieve verzekeringen 2008

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    In dit rapport wordt verslag gedaan van een onderzoek naar de mogelijke gevolgen van aanvullende en collectieve verzekeringen voor risicoselectie en verzekerdenmobiliteit in de basisverzekering. De analyse heeft betrekking op het jaar 2008. Tevens worden de ontwikkelingen in 2008 vergeleken met de bevindingen van voorafgaande evaluatiestudies over eerdere jaren. Het onderzoek is uitgevoerd in opdracht van de Nederlandse Patiënten Consumenten Federatie (NPCF)

    Evaluatie aanvullende en collectieve ziektekostenverzekeringen 2009

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    Voorwoord In dit rapport wordt verslag gedaan van een onderzoek naar de mogelijke gevolgen van aanvullende en collectieve verzekeringen voor risicoselectie en verzekerdenmobiliteit in de basisverzekering. De analyse heeft betrekking op het jaar 2009. Tevens worden de ontwikkelingen in 2009 vergeleken met de bevindingen van evaluatiestudies over eerdere jaren. Het onderzoek is uitgevoerd in opdracht van de Nederlandse Patiënten Consumenten Federatie (NPCF). De auteurs danken prof. dr. W.P.M.M. van de Ven voor zijn waardevolle commentaar op een eerdere versie van dit rapport. Tevens danken zij drs. P.J. Schout van de NPCF voor haar inzet voor de totstandkoming van dit onderzoeksproject en haar betrokkenheid en commentaar
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