594 research outputs found
Superconductivity and Antiferromagnetism: Hybridization Impurities in a Two-Band Spin-Gapped Electron System
We present the exact solution of a one-dimensional model of a spin-gapped
correlated electron system with hybridization impurities exhibiting both
magnetic and mixed-valence properties. The host supports superconducting
fluctuations, with a spin gap. The localized electrons create a band of
antiferromagnetic spin excitations inside the gap for concentrations x of the
impurities below some critical value x_c. When x = x_c the spin gap closes and
a ferrimagnetic phase appears. This is the first example of an exactly solvable
model with coexisting superconducting and antiferromagnetic fluctuations which
in addition supports a quantum phase transition to a (compensated)
ferrimagnetic phase. We discuss the possible relevance of our results for
experimental systems, in particular the U-based heavy-fermion materials.Comment: 4 page
Skill-Related Uncertainty and Expected Value in 5-to 7-Year-Olds
Studies using an Information Integration approach have shown that children from four years have a good intuitive understanding of probability and expected value. Experience of skill-related uncertainty may provide one naturalistic opportunity to develop this intuitive understanding. To test the viability of this view, 16 5- and 16 7-year-olds played a marble rolling game in which size of the target and distance from it varied factorially. Task difficulty judgements (prior to practical experience with the game) reflected both objective task structure and subsequent performance for both age groups. Children then judged how happy they would be playing games of variable difficulty for different prizes. These judgements had the multiplicative structure predicted by the normative expected value model, again for both age groups. Thus children can use task difficulties as estimates of personal success probability in skill-related tasks. Our findings therefore extend previous work on early probability understanding from games of chance to games of skill
A feynman path integral representation for elastic wave scattering by anisotropic weakly perturbations
We write a space-time Feynman path integral representation for scattered
elastic wave fields from a weakly compact supported anisotropic
non-homogeneity.Replacement by a new version where We (I!) propose a new
tomographic inversion methodology based solely in the wave sampling of the Ray
paths through Monte Carlo path integral sampling Holding thus great
potentiality for Navy's advanced Sonar detection .Comment: 8 page
Analytical results for the Coqblin-Schrieffer model with generalized magnetic fields
Using the approach alternative to the traditional Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz,
we derive analytical expressions for the free energy of Coqblin-Schrieffer
model with arbitrary magnetic and crystal fields. In Appendix we discuss two
concrete examples including the field generated crossover from the SU(4) to the
SU(2) symmetry in the SU(4)-symmetric model.Comment: 5 page
Exact calculation of thermodynamical quantities of the integrable t-J model
The specific heat and the compressibility for the integrable t-J model are
calculated showing Luttinger liquid behavior for low temperatures. A
Trotter-Suzuki mapping and the quantum transfer matrix approach are utilized.
Using an algebraic Bethe ansatz this method permits the exact calculation of
the free energy and related quantities. A set of just two non-linear integral
equations determining these quantities is studied for various particle
densities and temperatures. The structure of the specific heat is discussed in
terms of the elementary charge as well as spin excitations.Comment: 4 pages, 5 Postscript figures, uses epsf.sty and revtex, tar'ed,
gzip'ed and uuencode
Averaging and Adding in Children's Worth Judgements
Under the normative Expected Value (EV) model, multiple outcomes are
additive, but in everyday worth judgement intuitive averaging
prevails. Young children also use averaging in EV judgements, leading to a
disordinal, crossover violation of utility when children average the part
worths of simple gambles involving independent events (Schlottmann, 2000).
This study explored the origins of this averaging bias in children‘s worth
judgements, assessing whether averaging also appears for riskless
judgements and for other types of risky judgements. In Experiment 1, 8-
year-olds judged the worth of having either one or two squares of chocolates
in two formally equivalent tasks: Children made additive worth judgements
when chocolates varied in size, but used averaging when they varied in
winning probability. Performance on the EV task was slightly more advanced
when risky followed riskless judgements, with some evidence of transfer. In
Experiment 2, 5-year-olds gave additive worth judgements when judging
variable fractions of chocolate pies, with displays closely parallel to the
spinner discs used for the gambles in Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, 5-yearolds
gave additive worth judgements of gambles in which to win either one
or two prizes, with alternative rather than independent probabilities of
winning. Thus the overgeneralisation of averaging processes to EV
judgement, while persistent, neither reflects a general difficulty with additive
value judgement, nor with displays showing positive and negative
information, nor with risky judgement per se. It may come into play because
children have difficulty appreciating the implications of independence,
apparent also in other domains. Despite such difficulty, children realize that
risky game outcomes go beyond what they can see, and so may apply
averaging, as default strategy for population judgement, whereas addition
might be the default for judging the sample itself
Emerging perception of causality in action-and-reaction sequences from 4 to 6 months of age: is it domain-specific?
Two experiments (N=136) studied how 4- to 6-month-olds perceive a simple schematic event, seen as goal-directed action and reaction from 3 years of age. In our causal reaction event, a red square moved toward a blue square, stopping prior to contact. Blue began to move away before red stopped, so that both briefly moved simultaneously at a distance. Primarily, our study sought to determine from what age infants see the causal structure of this reaction event. In addition, we looked at whether this causal percept depends on an animate style of motion and whether it correlates with tasks assessing goal perception and goal-directed action. Infants saw either causal reactions or noncausal delayed control events in which blue started some time after red stopped. These events involved squares that moved either rigidly or nonrigidly in an apparently animate manner. After habituation to one of the four events, infants were tested on reversal of the habituation event. Spatiotemporal features reversed for all events, but causal roles changed only in reversed reactions. The 6-month-olds dishabituated significantly more to reversal of causal reaction events than to noncausal delay events, whereas younger infants reacted similarly to reversal of both. Thus, perceptual causality for reaction events emerges by 6 months of age, a younger age than previously reported but, crucially, the same age at which perceptual causality for launch events has emerged in prior research. On our second question, animate/inanimate motion had no effect at any age, nor did significant correlations emerge with our additional tasks assessing goal perception or goal-directed object retrieval. Available evidence, here and elsewhere, is as compatible with a view that infants initially see A affecting B, without differentiation into physical or psychological causality, as with the standard assumption of distinct physical/psychological causal perception
The Development of Spatial-Temporal, Probability, and Covariation Information to Infer Continuous Causal Processes
This paper considers how 5- to 11-year-olds’ verbal reasoning about the causality underlying extended, dynamic natural processes links to various facets of their statistical thinking. Such continuous processes typically do not provide perceptually distinct causes and effect, and previous work suggests that spatial–temporal analysis, the ability to analyze spatial configurations that change over time, is a crucial predictor of reasoning about causal mechanism in such situations. Work in the Humean tradition to causality has long emphasized on the importance of statistical thinking for inferring causal links between distinct cause and effect events, but here we assess whether this is also viable for causal thinking about continuous processes. Controlling for verbal and non-verbal ability, two studies (N = 107; N = 124) administered a battery of covariation, probability, spatial–temporal, and causal measures. Results indicated that spatial–temporal analysis was the best predictor of causal thinking across both studies, but statistical thinking supported and informed spatial–temporal analysis: covariation assessment potentially assists with the identification of variables, while simple probability judgment potentially assists with thinking about unseen mechanisms. We conclude that the ability to find out patterns in data is even more widely important for causal analysis than commonly assumed, from childhood, having a role to play not just when causally linking already distinct events but also when analyzing the causal process underlying extended dynamic events without perceptually distinct components
Zero-temperature Phase Diagram For Strongly-Correlated Nanochains
Recently there has been a resurgence of intense experimental and theoretical
interest on the Kondo physics of nanoscopic and mesoscopic systems due to the
possibility of making experiments in extremely small samples. We have carried
out exact diagonalization calculations to study the effect of the energy
spacing of the conduction band on the ground-state properties of a
dense Anderson model nanochain. The calculations reveal for the first time that
the energy spacing tunes the interplay between the Kondo and RKKY interactions,
giving rise to a zero-temperature versus hybridization phase diagram
with regions of prevailing Kondo or RKKY correlations, separated by a {\it free
spins} regime. This interplay may be relevant to experimental realizations of
small rings or quantum dots with tunable magnetic properties.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures. J. Appl. Phys. (in press
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