Analisis Fatwa Mui Nomor 2 Tahun 2004 Tentang Penetapan Awal Ramadhan, Syawal dan Dzulhijjah dengan Pendekatan Hermeneutika Schleiermacher

This article examines MUI Fatwa No 2/2004 on the decision of the beginning of Ramadan, and two other Islamic lunar months of shawwal and dzulhijja and adopth Schleiermacher's grammatical hermeneutics to analyze it. The fatwa is an attempt to re-unite between two opposing groups of ru'ya (those who base the beginning of the moths on the basis of seeing) and hisab (those who base the beginning of the months on the basis of mathematic calculation). From Schleiermacher's psychological hermeneutics, the fatwa is an attempt to reconstruct the methods of deciding the beginning of Islamic lunar months which has become the vocal point of controversies amongst Muslims in Indonesia

Imkan Al-rukyat Mabims (Solusi Penyeragaman Kelender Hijriyah)

There has been a dispute among Indonesian Muslims over the determination of the beginning of Islamic lunar calendar. The problem stems from the different interpretation of the meaning of rukyah. Many Muslims perceive it literally as looking at the Moon by eyes. Other Muslims conceive of it metaphorically and contend that scientific counting is the best method to determine the beginning of the month. This article offers a method to resolve the problem. It argues that imkan al-rukyat is the best solution to unify the different views about rukyah. Astronomy Muslim relig ious scholars define hilal as the coming of the crescent witnessed by eyes. Other scholars define it as the sign of the coming of new lunar calendar or the alteration of the old month with the new month. If the second view is accepted, the new month can be scientifically proved, and consequently eye witness is no longer required. It is therefore mandatory to use science as the fixed criteria to decide hilal. Both Muhammadiyah and NU need to update their method of deciding the emergence of the crescent by using modern science. By using the same criteria, that is science, the unification of different views regarding the beginning of Islamic lunar calendar can be scientifically reached

Inventory survey of Nigeria inland waters and their fishery resources. Part 1. A preliminary checklist of inland water bodies in Nigeria with special reference to ponds, lakes, reservoirs and major rivers

(59 page document

Rekonfigurasi Jaringan Tegangan Menengah 20 Kv untuk Peningkatan Kualitas Penyaluran Daya Sistem Kelistrikan Kampus Undana Penfui Kupang

Universitas Nusa Cendana Kupang merupakan salah satu pelanggan tenaga listrik dari PT. PLN (Persero) Cabang Kupang Rayon Kupang dengan kontrak daya sebesar 650 kVA dan tegangan sistem 20 kV. Masukan dari sistem kelistrikan undana dimulai dari gardu hubung milik PLN yang terletak didalam kampus undana kemudian daya diteruskan ke gardu kubikel milik undana. Keluaran dari gardu kubikel akan disalurankan melalui jaringan tegangan menengah yang terdiri atas tiga jalur utama yakni, jalur Rektorat lama, Rektorat Baru, dan jalur Kedokteran. Ketiga jalur distribusi tegangan menengah tersebut akan melayani tujuh buah transformator. Masalah utama yang terjadi pada sistem kelistrikan undana penfui adalah sering terjadinya pemadaman yang disebabkan oleh pembembanan lebih pada salah satu jalur beban yakni pada jalur rektorat lama yang mensuplai lima buah transformator. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan rekonfigurasi jaringan tegangan menengah 20 kV untuk peningkatan kualitas penyaluran daya sistem kelistrikan kampus undana penfui kupang agar tidak terjadi pembembanan lebih pada salah satu jalur beban sehingga tidak menyebabkan ketidak seimbangan beban. Dari hasil analisa kondisi eksisting sistem kelistrikan kampus undana penfui kupang adalah sumber akan memberikan daya P = 0.31164421 MW, Q = 0.12765602 Mvar, atau S = 0.439300 MVA dengan cos phi 0.85. dengan total losses daya secara keseluruhan adalah 0.0001258 MW. Sedangkan hasil rekonfigurasi sistem kelistrikan kampus undana penfui kupang adalah sumber akan memberikan daya P = 0.40599625 MW, Q = 0.16497407 Mvar, atau S = 0.57097032 MVA dengan cos phi 0.85. dengan total losses daya secara keseluruhan adalah 0.000062325 MW

Comparison of T1 mapping techniques for ECV quantification. histological validation and reproducibility of ShMOLLI versus multibreath-hold T1 quantification equilibrium contrast CMR

BACKGROUND: Myocardial extracellular volume (ECV) is elevated in fibrosis or infiltration and can be quantified by measuring the haematocrit with pre and post contrast T1 at sufficient contrast equilibrium. Equilibrium CMR (EQ-CMR), using a bolus-infusion protocol, has been shown to provide robust measurements of ECV using a multibreath-hold T1 pulse sequence. Newer, faster sequences for T1 mapping promise whole heart coverage and improved clinical utility, but have not been validated. METHODS: Multibreathhold T1 quantification with heart rate correction and single breath-hold T1 mapping using Shortened Modified Look-Locker Inversion recovery (ShMOLLI) were used in equilibrium contrast CMR to generate ECV values and compared in 3 ways.Firstly, both techniques were compared in a spectrum of disease with variable ECV expansion (n=100, 50 healthy volunteers, 12 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 18 with severe aortic stenosis, 20 with amyloid). Secondly, both techniques were correlated to human histological collagen volume fraction (CVF%, n=18, severe aortic stenosis biopsies). Thirdly, an assessment of test:retest reproducibility of the 2 CMR techniques was performed 1 week apart in individuals with widely different ECVs (n=10 healthy volunteers, n=7 amyloid patients). RESULTS: More patients were able to perform ShMOLLI than the multibreath-hold technique (6% unable to breath-hold). ECV calculated by multibreath-hold T1 and ShMOLLI showed strong correlation (r(2)=0.892), little bias (bias -2.2%, 95%CI -8.9% to 4.6%) and good agreement (ICC 0.922, range 0.802 to 0.961, p<0.0001). ECV correlated with histological CVF% by multibreath-hold ECV (r(2)= 0.589) but better by ShMOLLI ECV (r(2)= 0.685). Inter-study reproducibility demonstrated that ShMOLLI ECV trended towards greater reproducibility than the multibreath-hold ECV, although this did not reach statistical significance (95%CI -4.9% to 5.4% versus 95%CI -6.4% to 7.3% respectively, p=0.21). CONCLUSIONS: ECV quantification by single breath-hold ShMOLLI T1 mapping can measure ECV by EQ-CMR across the spectrum of interstitial expansion. It is procedurally better tolerated, slightly more reproducible and better correlates with histology compared to the older multibreath-hold FLASH techniques

Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for the control of Particulate Matter (PM) emission in wet scrubber system

Air pollution such as particulate matter (PM) emitted from industries result in several thousands of deaths. In recognition of this global threat, a large number of abatement measures have been taken to minimize the emission of this pollutant. Wet scrubber system has been the most widely used control device for PM contaminants. Its operating variables (gas velocity, temperature profile, particle size, liquid droplet’s size, terminal settling velocity of liquid droplets, particle density and liquid to gas ratio) fluctuates randomly, thus resulting in a non-linear dynamic behavior of the system. This non-linearity generally limits the ability of the scrubber to control PM less than 5µm in diameter. Thus, in this study, intelligent control technique based on fuzzy logic controller (FLC) has been developed to solve the non-linearity in the system by selecting appropriate scrubbing liquid droplet size in order to improve system performance to control PM that are less than 5µm in diameter. The developed FLC has two inputs (error and change in error) and a single output. The results shows that within short settling time, the controller was able to effectively reduce the PM that are less than 5µm below the set-point (20µg/m3) which is the maximum allowable emission limit of PM contaminants by world health organization (WHO)

Fuzzy logic based intelligent temperature controller for cassava post-harvest storage system

Significant amount of stored agricultural products are lost as a result of poor and inefficient storage systems in most developing countries, especially in tropical regions of the world. Improvements on the existing storage methods is important to guarantee food security. This study proposes the development of intelligent temperature control technique for fresh cassava roots crop post-harvest storage system using fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The intelligent controller which has two inputs (error in temperature and rate of change in the error) and one output (change in fan speed) was simulated with the developed storage system model for temperature control of fresh cassava roots crop. The results obtained shows that the controller can track appropriately the reference temperature and also gives good stability and robustness towards input disturbances. Faster response to maintain the storage temperature within acceptable limit close to reference point was also achieved successfully

Comment on "Theory of vibrational overtone line shapes of polyatomic molecules"

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科計算科

Modelling of Two-Phase Water Ejector in Rankine Cycle High Temperature Heat Pumps

Industrial high temperature heat pumps (HTHPs) can provide carbon-free process heat when operated with renewable energy sources. Using water as the working medium greatly increases the possible range of operation without the detrimental effects of traditional working fluids. One main challenge with this type of heat pump is the high compression ratio required to achieve a given temperature lift. As a result, water based heat pumps need several compression stages. Furthermore, the steam leaving the compressor is highly superheated. Ejectors driven by high pressure condensate allow to de-superheat the steam from the compressor outlet while simultaneously increasing its pressure. Thereby, the required power for compression as well as the number of compression stages can be reduced. This paper studies how the implementation of the two-phase water ejector influences the thermodynamic performance of Rankine cycle HTHP using a thermodynamic model of the ejector. Several cycle architectures are developed to study the ejector integration in the heat pump cycle, including traditional single-stage and multi-stage cycles. The cycles studies are conducted in the Modelica language, in the Modelon Impact environment. The study aims at informing about new developments in two-phase water ejectors and their application potential in Rankine cycle HTHPs. First simulations suggest an efficiency improvement of about 10% through the use of an ejector in the heat pump cycle