Slow-roll inflation in (R+R*4) gravity

We reconsider the toy-model of topological inflation, based on the R*4-modified gravity. By using its equivalence to the certain scalar-tensor gravity model in four space-time dimensions, we compute the inflaton scalar potential and investigate a possibility of inflation. We confirm the existence of the slow-roll inflation with an exit. However, the model suffers from the eta-problem that gives rise to the unacceptable value of the spectral index n_s of scalar perturbations.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX, misprints corrected and references update

Electromagnetic torque of valve engine with nonmagnetic anchor

Получены расчетные соотношения электромагнитной момента секции вентильного двигателя с немагнитным якорем на интервале коммутации и определено ее общее выражение при 120-градусном законе коммутации. Произведена оценка пульсаций электромагнитного момента, обусловленных дискретной коммутацией секций якорной обмотки.The ratios for the electromagnetic moment calculation on the switching period in the section of the BLDC with a non-magnetic armature are obtained and general expression of the electromagnetic force at 120-degree switching law is determined. The estimation of the electromagnetic force ripple caused by discrete switching in the armature winding sections is performed

Influence of nettle powder addition on bread quality indicators

This article reflects the results of a study on the effect of nettle leaf powder on the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of wheat bread. Nettle leaves is a good source of proteins, fibers, minerals and other bioactive compounds and it could be an ideal ingredient for improving the nutritional value of bread and bakery products. Nettle leaf powder was mixed with wheat flour in different ratios: 1 %, 3 % and 5 % to prepare bread samples. The results showed a significant increase in the protein, ash and fiber content of bread. The specific volume of the bread decreased as the level of nettle leaf powder increased due to a decrease in the gluten content of the mixture and due to the interaction between dietary fiber components, water and gluten. Substitutions of 1 %, 3 % and 5 % give parameter values at least the same as the control sample and give acceptable indicators of bread quality in terms of specific volume and organoleptic properties

A Novel Approach of Synchronization of Microgrid with a Power System of Limited Capacity

Currently, active networks called microgrids are formed on the basis of local power supply systems with a small share of distributed generation. Microgrids operating in an island mode, in some cases, have the ability to transfer electricity excess to an external network leading to a synchronization requirement; thus, the optimization task in terms of the system’s synchronization must be considered. This paper proposes a method for obtaining synchronization between microgrids and power systems of limited capacity based on a passive synchronization algorithm, allowing us to connect a microgrid to an external power system with a minimum impact moment on the shaft of the generating equipment. The algorithm application was demonstrated by considering a real-life object in Tajikistan. The simulation was carried out on RastrWin3. The obtained results show that the microgrid generator is connected to an external power system at an angle of 0.3◦ and a power surge of 29 kW, unlike the classical synchronization algorithm with an angle of 6.8◦ and a power surge of 154 kW (a reduction of the shock moment by more than five times). The proposed synchronization method allows us to reduce the resource consumption of the generating equipment and increase the reliability and efficiency of the functioning units of the examined power system. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Chromosome Translocations as a Driver of Diversification in Mole Voles Ellobius (Rodentia, Mammalia).

The involvement of chromosome changes in the initial steps of speciation is controversial. Here we examine diversification trends within the mole voles Ellobius, a group of subterranean rodents. The first description of their chromosome variability was published almost 40 years ago. Studying the G-band structure of chromosomes in numerous individuals revealed subsequent homologous, step-by-step, Robertsonian translocations, which changed diploid numbers from 54 to 30. Here we used a molecular cytogenetic strategy which demonstrates that chromosomal translocations are not always homologous; consequently, karyotypes with the same diploid number can carry different combinations of metacentrics. We further showed that at least three chromosomal forms with 2n = 34 and distinct metacentrics inhabit the Pamir-Alay mountains. Each of these forms independently hybridized with E. tancrei, 2n = 54, forming separate hybrid zones. The chromosomal variations correlate slightly with geographic barriers. Additionally, we confirmed that the emergence of partial or monobrachial homology appeared to be a strong barrier for hybridization in nature, in contradistinction to experiments which we reported earlier. We discuss the possibility of whole arm reciprocal translocations for mole voles. Our findings suggest that chromosomal translocations lead to diversification and speciation

Association of angiotensinogen and angiotensin II receptor type I polymorphisms with biomarkers of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in Dagestan residents with type 2 diabetes and hypertension

Aim. To study the associations of angiotensinogen (AGT) (s4762(С521Т), rs699(Т704C)) and angiotensin II receptor type I (AGTR1) (rs5186(A1166C)) genetic polymorphisms with serum levels of insulin, glucagon, C-peptide, leptin, as well as with dyslipidemia and glycemic levels in Dagestan residents with combination of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension (HTN), as well as with isolated T2D/HTN.Material and methods. We examined 16 patients with isolated T2D, 59 patients with T2D+HTN and 51 patients with isolated HTN from Dagestan. Genetic polymorphisms of the AGT and AGTR1 genes were studied. The levels of insulin, glucagon, C-peptide, and leptin were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while lipid and carbohydrate metabolism — by biochemical methods.Results. In patients with T2D, the association of CC genotype of AGT gene rs4762(С521Т) polymorphism with a leptin decrease was determined, while its CT genotype was associated with an increase in serum level of triglycerides. The TC genotype of AGT gene rs699(Т704C) polymorphism was associated with an increase in leptin, triglyceride and glucose levels. The AA genotype of AGTR1 gene rs5186(A1166C) polymorphism was associated with an increase in insulin and glucose levels, as well as a decrease in leptin level. In patients with a combination of T2D and HTN, CC and CT genotypes of AGT gene rs4762(С521Т) polymorphism was associated with a decrease in glucagon level. The TT genotype of AGT gene rs699(Т704C) polymorphism was associated with an increase in insulin, triglyceride, glucose and body mass index (BMI) levels. In isolated HTN, the CC and CT genotypes of AGT gene rs4762(С521Т) polymorphism were associated ith a decrease in glucagon level. The TT genotype of AGT gene rs699(Т704C) polymorphism was associated with increased levels of insulin, low density lipoproteins, and BMI.Conclusion. Associations of AGT (s4762(С521Т), rs699(Т704C)) and AGTR1 (rs5186(A1166C)) genetic polymorphisms with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism changes are an important pathogenetic link of T2D and HTN, which allows developing an individual prognosis of these diseases in Dagestan residents

FLUX LINKAGE CALCULATION OF THE TEETH TIPS AND TEETH CORES IN THE INDUCTION MOTOR WITH RING WINDINGS WITH CERAMIC INSULATION

The paper presents the flux linkage calculation in the induction motor with ring windings (IMRW), which is intended for processing nuclear waste under conditions of increased radiation and temperature. The article describes the procedure for determining the fluxes distribution in the magnetic circuit of the engine. The “ANSYS Maxwell” program was used as a tool when performing calculations.В работе рассматривается расчет потокосцеплений в асинхронном двигателе с кольцевыми обмотками (АДКО), который предназначен для переработки ядерных отходов в условиях повышенной радиации и температуры. В статье приводится порядок действий по определению потокораспределения в магнитной цепи двигателя. В качестве инструмента при выполнении расчетов использовался прикладной программный пакет “ANSYS Maxwell”

f(R) theories

Over the past decade, f(R) theories have been extensively studied as one of the simplest modifications to General Relativity. In this article we review various applications of f(R) theories to cosmology and gravity - such as inflation, dark energy, local gravity constraints, cosmological perturbations, and spherically symmetric solutions in weak and strong gravitational backgrounds. We present a number of ways to distinguish those theories from General Relativity observationally and experimentally. We also discuss the extension to other modified gravity theories such as Brans-Dicke theory and Gauss-Bonnet gravity, and address models that can satisfy both cosmological and local gravity constraints.Comment: 156 pages, 14 figures, Invited review article in Living Reviews in Relativity, Published version, Comments are welcom

Antibiotic therapy of chronic prostatitis in elderly and senile age

The etiological structure of chronic bacterial prostatitis in 110 of patients of elderly and senile age was studied. It was noted, that the agents of this nosology were in most of the cases - conditional-pathogenic pathogens of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Considering the clinical and microbiological efficacy, safety and tolerability of the antibiotic, the drug of choice of antibacterial therapy is a new generation fluoroquinolone - levofloxacin, which meets the requirements of the WHO.Изучена этиологическая структура хронических бактериальных простатитов у 110 пациентов пожипого и старческого возраста. Установпено, что в большинстве случаев возбудителями данной нозологии являются условно-патогенные микроорганизмы семейства энтеробактерий. Учитывая клинико-микробиологическую эффективность, безопасность и переносимость антибиотика препаратом выбора антибактериальной терапии является фторхинолон нового поколения левофлоксацин, отвечающий требованиям ВОЗ

On the issue of carriage and antibiotic resistance of staphylococci isolated from the clinical material of patients of the miscarriage department of the maternity hospital № 2 of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Dagestan

The frequency of isolating staphylococci and the dynamics of the development of their resistance to antibiotics, isolated from patients of the miscarriage ward of the maternity hospital No. 2 of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Dagestan for a 5-year period (2013-2017) are analyzed. 398 staphylococcal strains were studied: 203 Staphylococcus aureus and 195 – Staphylococcus epidermidis. It has been established that in the last 2-3 years there has been an increase in the carrier of gram-positive bacteria. There was a marked increase in the outgrowth of S. aureus (almost 2.0 times), and the ratio between S. aureus and S. epidermidis in 2017 increased 1.3 times. The study of the sensitivity of the isolated strains of staphylococci to microbial preparations showed that the overwhelming majority of them are multi-resistant to antibiotics. Determination of sensitivity to antibacterial drugs revealed that most of the isolated strains are sensitive to fluoroquinolone, a new generation of levofloxacin (tavanic).Проанализирована частота выделения стафилококков и динамика развития их резистентности к антибиотикам, выделенных у пациенток отделения невынашивания беременности родильного дома № 2 М3 РД за 5-летний период (2013-2017г.г.). Были изучены 398 штаммов стафилококков: 203 Staphylococcus aureus и 195 - Staphylococcus epidermidis. Установлено, что в последние 2-3 года отмечается рост носительства грамположительных бактерий. Отмечен выраженный рост высеваемости S. aureus (почти в 2,0 раза), а соотношение между S. aureus и S. epidermidis в 2017 г. выросло в 1,3 раза. Изучение чувствительности выделенных штаммов стафилококков к микробным препаратам показало, что преобладающее большинство из них полирезистентны к антибиотикам. Определение чувствительности к антибактериальным препаратам выявило, что большинство выделенных штаммов чувствительны к фторхинолону нового поколения левофлоксацин (таваник)