Dichloridobis[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,N,N-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-amine-κN4]platinum(II)–4-chlorobenzaldehyde (1/1)

In the title 1:1 co-crystal, [PtCl2(C11H14ClN3O)2]·C7H5ClO, the coordination polyhedron of the PtII atom is slightly distorted square-planar with the chloride and 2,3-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazole ligands mutually trans, as the Pt atom lies on an inversion center. The 4-chlorobenzaldehyde molecules are statistically disordered about an inversion centre with equal occupancies for the two positions. The PtII complex forms a three-dimensional structure through C—H...Cl and weaker C—H...O interactions with the 4-chlorobenzaldehyde molecule

Fullerene Bromides C₇₀Br_<i>n</i> (<i>n</i> = 8, 10, 14) Synthesis and Identification and Phase Equilibria in the C₇₀Br_<i>n</i> (<i>n</i> = 8, 10, 14)/Solvent Systems

The paper presents experimental data on synthesis and identification (IR, UV spectra, TG, DTG, DTA analysis) of the fullerene bromides C₇₀Br_<i>n</i> (<i>n</i> = 8, 10, 14). The data on the temperature dependence of solubility in aromatic solvents (1,2-dichlorobenzene, benzene, 1-methylbenzene, 1,2-dimethylbenzene) in the temperature range (293 to 353 )K are presented and characterized; compositions of equilibrium solid phases in binary C₇₀Br_<i>n</i> (<i>n</i> = 8, 10, 14) + aromatic solvents system are determined

Biologically Active Supplements Affecting Producer Microorganisms in Food Biotechnology: A Review

Microorganisms, fermentation processes, and the resultant metabolic products are a key driving force in biotechnology and, in particular, in food biotechnology. The quantity and/or quality of final manufactured food products are directly related to the efficiency of the metabolic processes of producer microorganisms. Food BioTech companies are naturally interested in increasing the productivity of their biotechnological production lines. This could be achieved via either indirect or direct influence on the fundamental mechanisms governing biological processes occurring in microbial cells. This review considers an approach to improve the efficiency of producer microorganisms through the use of several types of substances or complexes affecting the metabolic processes of microbial producers that are of interest for food biotechnology, particularly fermented milk products. A classification of these supplements will be given, depending on their chemical nature (poly- and oligosaccharides; poly- and oligopeptides, individual amino acids; miscellaneous substances, including vitamins and other organic compounds, minerals, and multicomponent supplements), and the approved results of their application will be comprehensively surveyed

Biologically Active Supplements Affecting Producer Microorganisms in Food Biotechnology: A Review

Microorganisms, fermentation processes, and the resultant metabolic products are a key driving force in biotechnology and, in particular, in food biotechnology. The quantity and/or quality of final manufactured food products are directly related to the efficiency of the metabolic processes of producer microorganisms. Food BioTech companies are naturally interested in increasing the productivity of their biotechnological production lines. This could be achieved via either indirect or direct influence on the fundamental mechanisms governing biological processes occurring in microbial cells. This review considers an approach to improve the efficiency of producer microorganisms through the use of several types of substances or complexes affecting the metabolic processes of microbial producers that are of interest for food biotechnology, particularly fermented milk products. A classification of these supplements will be given, depending on their chemical nature (poly- and oligosaccharides; poly- and oligopeptides, individual amino acids; miscellaneous substances, including vitamins and other organic compounds, minerals, and multicomponent supplements), and the approved results of their application will be comprehensively surveyed

Triarylazoimidazole-ZnII, CdII, and HgII Complexes: Structures, Photophysics, and Antibacterial Properties

Novel triarylazoimidazoles containing strong electron donors (p-NEt2) or acceptors (p-NO2) by the azoaryl group, and their group 12 metal complexes were synthesized and fully characterized, including X-ray analysis for several complexes. Novel complexes exhibit red photo-luminescence emission (&Phi; up to &thinsp;0.21) in a solution. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of complexes was tested against Gram-positive microorganism S. aureus and Gram-negative microorganism E. coli

A Palladium(II) Center Activates Nitrile Ligands toward 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Nitrones Substantially More than the Corresponding Platinum(II) Center

Palladium­(II)-coordinated NCR¹ (R¹ = Et (<b>1</b>), NMe₂ (<b>2</b>), Ph (<b>3</b>)) species react smoothly with acyclic nitrones such as the ketonitrones Ph₂CN­(O)­R⁴ (R⁴ = <i>p-</i>MeC₆H₄ (<b>4</b>), <i>p-</i>ClC₆H₄ (<b>5</b>)) and the aldonitrone <i>p-</i>MeC₆H₄CHN­(O)­Me (<b>6</b>) in the corresponding nitrile media. This reaction proceeds as a consecutive two-step intermolecular cycloaddition to give the mono- and bis-2,3-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazole complexes [PdCl₂(R¹CN)­{N^<i>a</i>C­(R¹)­ON­(R⁴)<i>C</i>^<i>b</i>(R²R³)}]^{(<i>a</i>−<i>b</i>)} (<b>7a</b>–<b>13a</b>; R², R³ = Ph; R⁴ = C₆H₄Me-<i>p</i>, R¹ = Et (<b>7</b>), NMe₂ (<b>8</b>), Ph (<b>9</b>); R⁴ = C₆H₄Cl-<i>p</i>, R¹ = Et (<b>10</b>), NMe₂ (<b>11</b>), Ph (<b>12</b>); R² = H, R³ = C₆H₄Me-<i>p</i>, R⁴ = Me, R¹ = NMe₂ (<b>13</b>)) and [PdCl₂{N^<i>a</i>C­(R¹)­ON­(R⁴)­C^<i>b</i>(R²R³)}₂]^{(<i>a</i>−<i>b</i>)} (<b>7b</b>–<b>13b</b>), respectively. Inspection of the obtained data and their comparison with the previous results indicate that the Pd^II centers provide substantially greater activation of RCN ligands toward the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition than the relevant Pt^II centers. The palladium­(II)-mediated 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of ketonitrones to nitriles is reversible. All complexes were characterized by elemental analyses (C, H, N), high-resolution ESI-MS, and IR and ¹H and ¹³C­{¹H} NMR spectroscopy. The structure of <i>trans-</i><b>7b</b> was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Metal-free 5-NR′₂-2,3-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazoles (<b>7c</b>–<b>13c</b>) were liberated from the corresponding (2,3-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazole)₂Pd^II complexes by treatment with 1,2-(diphenylphosphino)­ethane, and the heterocycles were characterized by high-resolution ESI⁺-MS and ¹H and ¹³C­{¹H} spectroscopy

Novel Highly Efficient Antibacterial Chitosan-Based Films

In this study, we elaborated new chitosan-based films reinforced by iron(III)-containing chitosan nanoparticles Fe(III)-CS-NPs at different concentrations. We found that the optimum concentration of Fe(III)-CS-NPs for the improvement of antibacterial and mechanical properties of the films was 10% (σb = ca. 8.8 N/mm2, εb = ca. 41%, inhibition zone for S. aureus = ca. 16.8 mm and for E. coli = ca. 11.2 mm). Also, using the click-chemistry approach (thiol–ene reaction), we have synthesized a novel water-soluble cationic derivative of chitin. The addition of this derivative of chitin to the chitosan polymer matrix of the elaborated film significantly improved its mechanical (σb = ca. 11.6 N/mm2, εb = ca. 75%) and antimicrobial (inhibition zone for S. aureus = ca. 19.6 mm and for E. coli = ca. 14.2 mm) properties. The key mechanism of the antibacterial action of the obtained films is the disruption of the membranes of bacterial cells. The elaborated antibacterial films are of interest for potential biomedical and food applications

Amidrazone Complexes from a Cascade Platinum(II)-Mediated Reaction between Amidoximes and Dialkylcyanamides

The aryl amidoximes R′C₆H₄C­(NH₂)NOH (R′ = Me, <b>2a</b>; H, <b>2b</b>; CN, <b>2c</b>; NO₂, <b>2d</b>) react with the dialkylcyanamide platinum­(II) complexes <i>trans</i>-[PtCl₂(NCNAlk₂)₂] (Alk₂ = Me₂, <b>1a</b>; C₅H₁₀, <b>1b</b>) in a 1:1 molar ratio in CHCl₃ to form chelated <i>mono</i>-addition products [<b>3a</b>–<b>h</b>]­Cl, viz. [PtCl­(NCNAlk₂)­{<u>N</u>HC­(NR₂)­O<u>N</u>C­(C₆H₄R′)­NH₂}]Cl (Alk₂ = Me₂; R′ = Me, <b>a</b>; H, <b>b</b>; CN, <b>c</b>; NO₂, <b>d</b>; Alk₂ = C₅H₁₀; R′ = Me, <b>e</b>; H, <b>f</b>; CN, <b>g</b>; NO₂, <b>h</b>). In the solution, these species spontaneously transform to the amidrazone complexes [PtCl₂{<u>N</u>HC­(NR₂)­NC­(C₆H₄R′)<u>N</u>NH₂}] (<b>7a</b>–<b>h</b>; 36–47%); this conversion proceeds more selectively (49–60% after column chromatography) in the presence of the base (PhCH₂)₃N. The observed reactivity pattern is specific for NCNAlk₂ ligands, and it is not realized for conventional alkyl- and arylnitrile ligands. The mechanism of the cascade reaction was studied by trapping the isocyanate intermediates [PtCl­(NCO)­{<u>N</u>HC­(NR₂)­NC­(C₆H₄R′)<u>N</u>NH₂}] (<b>5a</b>–<b>h</b>) and also by ESI-MS identification of the ammonia complexes [PtCl­(NH₃)­{<u>N</u>HC­(NR₂)­NC­(C₆H₄R′)<u>N</u>NH₂}]⁺ ([<b>6a</b>–<b>h</b>]⁺) in solution. The complexes [<b>3a</b>]Cl, [<b>3c</b>–<b>h</b>]Cl, <b>5a</b>–<b>h</b> and <b>7a</b>–<b>h</b> were characterized by elemental analyses, high resolution ESI-MS, IR, and ¹H NMR techniques, while <b>5b</b>, <b>5d</b>, <b>5g</b>, <b>7b</b>, and <b>7e</b> were also studied using single-crystal X-ray diffraction