The effect of creatine monohydrate supplement on stroke volume during high intensity aerobic exercise in non active adults

Purpose: Creatine is the most popular supplement to improve body composition and anaerobic performance. There are some other properties of creatine with regard to fitness and aerobic performance. The purpose of current study is to determination of creatine supplement intervention on stroke volume. Material: 38 inactive adult postgraduate students had been divided (n=20) into two groups where the treatment in weight was 76.34 ± 11.73 and height was 174.89 ± 5.82 while placebo group in weight was 81.83 ± 13.10 and height was 176.29 ± 5.2. Results: The result of this research shows that there is no significant effect on the stroke volume during high intensity aerobic exercise. The results of the data in present study also show that there is no effective intervention by the creatine monohydrate supplement on the stroke volume during exercise. However it is showed that there is an increase of stroke volume from the pre to post test in treatment group while the placebo group does not have any increase and the group’s stroke volume has decreased from the pre test to the post test. Conclusion: Stroke volume normally reduce during final step high intensity exercise. By the way the current research figured that decreasing of stoke volume at final steps of incremental exercise will be with slow latency at resulted by creatine monohydrate supplements

Reconstructing a String-Inspired Non-minimally Coupled Quintom Model

Motivated by the recent work of Zhang and Chen \cite{bin}, we generalize their work to the non-minimally coupled case. We consider a quintom model of dark energy with a single scalar field $T$ given by a Lagrangian which inspired by tachyonic Lagrangian in string theory. We consider non-minimal coupling of tachyon field to the scalar curvature, then we reconstruct this model in the light of three forms of parametrization for dynamical dark energy.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure

The orbit method solution for the deformed three coupled scalar fields

In this work, we present a deformed solutions starting from systems of three coupled scalar fields with super-potential $W(\phi_1, \phi_2, \phi_3)$ by orbit method. First, we deform the corresponding super-potential and obtain defect solutions. It is shown that how to construct new models altogether with its defect solutions in terms of the non-deformed model. Therefore, we draw the graph of super-potential and different fields in terms of $x.$ So we observe that the graphs for deformed and non - deformed cases are changed by the scale.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure

Climate Change Perceptions and Adaptations among Smallholder Farmers in the Mountains of Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

The warming rates in many mountain areas are higher than the global average, negatively impacting crop systems. Little is known about the climatic changes which are already being observed in eastern Democratic Republic (DR) of Congo, due to the lack of long-term meteorological data. Local perceptions could help us to understand not only the climatic changes and impacts but also which adaptation strategies are already being used by local smallholder farmers. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 300 smallholder Bafuliru (n = 150) and Lega (n = 150) farmers living in the Itombwe Mountains. The respondents reported climatic changes and impacts, with the Bafuliru—living on the eastern drier slopes—reporting more changes and impacts. While the Bafuliru were implementing several adaptation strategies (e.g., increased irrigation and use of inputs, more soil conservation, more income diversification), the Lega were implementing very few, due to soft limits (access to inputs, markets, and information) and culture (less interest in farming, less capacity to organize into groups). The results highlight important differences in sociocultural contexts, even for one ‘remote’ mountain, calling for a more collaborative approach to adaptation planning and action.We acknowledge funding from Ecole Régionale d’Aménagement et Gestion Intégrés des Forêts et Territoires Tropicaux (ERAIFT) and Rainforest Foundation Norway (RFN)

The solution of tachyon inflation in curved universe

In this paper, we have considered the curved universe which is filled by tachyonic field. We have found the exact solutions for the field, pressure, density, and scale factor and some cosmological parameters. In such universe, we have investigated the role of tachyonic field in different stages of k for the evolution of the universe. Finally we draw the graphs for the scale factor, Hubble's parameter, energy density, pressure, acceleration parameter, equation of state and potential for the different values of k. Also we obtained the exact form of field which shows that the tachyonic field has the kink form.Comment: 8 pages, 21 figure

Emerging Nano-Theranostic Strategies against Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: a review

As a major global cause of liver damage, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with excessive hepatocellular accumulation of lipids in the liver, elevated levels of hepatic enzymes,and the fibrotic evidence. The primary therapies for NAFLD are changing lifestyle or managing comorbid-associated diseases. Lately, nanotechnology has revolutionized the art of nanostructure synthesis for disease imaging, diagnosis, and treatment. Loading drugs into nanocarriers hasbeen established as a promising strategy to extend their circulating time, particularly in treating NAFLD. In addition, considering a master modulator of adipogenesis and lysosomal biogenesis and function, designing novel nanostructures for biomedical applications requires using biodegradable materials. Various nanostructures, including inorganic nanoparticles (NPs), organic-based NPs, metallic nanocarriers, biodegradable polymeric nanocarriers, polymer-hybrid nanocarriers, and lipid-based nanocarriers have been designed for NAFLD treatment, which significantly affected serum glucose/lipid levels and liver function indices. NPs modified with polymers, bimetallic NPs, and superparamagnetic NPs have been used to design sensitive nanosensors to measure NAFLD-related biomarkers. However, certain limitations are associated with their use as diagnostic agents. The purpose of this review article is to shed light on the recent advancements in the field of nanomedicine for the early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this progressive liver disease

Bouncing universe with the non-minimally coupled scaler field and its reconstructing

In this paper we consider a non-minimally coupled scaler field, and show its equation of state parameter can crossing over -1, $\omega\to -1$, and bouncing condition. Also we obtain the stability conditions and consider reconstructing for our model.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures. Accepted in MPL