Experimental Studies of Cylinder Group State During Motoring

AbstractThe paper describes a method for diagnosing the cylinder-piston group of internal combustion engines (ICE). The method is based on analyzing the results of measuring the dynamic compression during crankshaft motoring. The position of the maximum pressure in the combustion chamber, its magnitude and phase parameters give a complete picture of the technical state of the engine cylinder group. Measured parameters of the pressure signal were compared to instrumental measurements of air leakage in the cylinder-piston group as well as to the compression values. The developed method allows to combine all the positive aspects of existing and proposed methods and to solve the long-standing problem of improving the accuracy of estimating the technical state of ICE units and mechanisms. cylinders, rings, pistons, valves, displacement of phases timing. Experimental results are presented as graphs showing the inter-dependency of parameters of the processes under consideration

On Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman-Isaacs Equation for Time-Delay Systems

The paper deals with a two-person zero-sum differential game for a dynamical system which motion is described by a delay differential equation under an initial condition defined by a piecewise continuous function. For the value functional of this game, we derive the Hamilton-Jacobi type equation with coinvariant derivatives. It is proved that, if the solution of this equation satisfies certain smoothness conditions, then it coincides with the value functional. On the other hand, it is proved that, at the points of coinvariant differentiability, the value functional satisfies the derived Hamilton-Jacobi equation. Therefore, this equation can be called the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman-Isaacs equation for time-delay systems. © 2019. The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Minimax and Viscosity Solutions of Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman Equations for Time-Delay Systems

The paper deals with a Bolza optimal control problem for a dynamical system, whose motion is described by a delay differential equation under an initial condition defined by a piecewise continuous function. For the value functional in this problem, the Cauchy problem for the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation with coinvariant derivatives is considered. Minimax and viscosity solutions of the Cauchy problem are studied. It is proved that both of these solutions exist, are unique, and coincide with the value functional. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

Minimax and Viscosity Solutions of Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman Equations for Time-Delay Systems

The paper deals with a Bolza optimal control problem for a dynamical system, whose motion is described by a delay differential equation under an initial condition defined by a piecewise continuous function. For the value functional in this problem, the Cauchy problem for the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation with coinvariant derivatives is considered. Minimax and viscosity solutions of the Cauchy problem are studied. It is proved that both of these solutions exist, are unique, and coincide with the value functional. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

Approximation of linear conflict-controlled neutral-type systems

We consider a dynamical system described by linear neutral-type functional-differential equations which is controlled under conditions of unknown disturbances. This system is approximated by a system of ordinary differential equations. An aiming procedure between the initial and approximating systems is elaborated. Using such procedure, results of the control theory for ordinary differential systems can be applied to control of the initial system. © 201

On a problem of guarantee optimization in time-delay systems

A control problem under conditions of disturbances is considered for a linear time-delay dynamical system. The goal of the control is to minimize a non-terminal quality index that evaluates a motion history and realizations of control and disturbance actions. The control problem is posed within the game-theoretical approach. For calculating the optimal guaranteed result of the control and constructing a (control scheme that ensures this result, two methods are proposed. The first one is based on on appropriate approximation of the quality index. The second one is based on a finite-dimensional approximation of the dynamical system Both methods allow us to reduce the control problem to high-dimensional auxiliary differential games without delays and with terminal quality indices. An illustrative example is considered, simulations results are given. © 2015, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

On Hamilton-Jacobi equations for neutral-type differential games⁎

We consider a two-person zero-sum differential game in which a motion of the dynamical system is described by neutral-type functional-differential equations in Hale's form and the quality index estimates a motion history realized up to the terminal instant of time and includes integral estimations of control realizations of the players. The formalization of the game in the class of pure positional strategies is given, the corresponding notions of the value functional and optimal control strategies of the players are defined. For the value functional, we derive a Hamilton-Jacobi type equation with coinvariant derivatives. It is proved that, if a solution of this equation satisfies certain smoothness conditions, then it coincides with the value functional. On the other hand, it is proved that, at the points of coinvariant differentiability, the value functional satisfies the derived Hamilton-Jacobi equation. Therefore, this equation can be called the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman-Isaacs equation for neutral-type systems. © 201

On approximations of time-delay control systems

The paper deals with a dynamical system described by delay differential equations which is controlled under conditions of unknown disturbances. This system is approximated by a system of ordinary differential equations which is used as a leader. An aiming procedure between the delay and approximating systems is elaborated. The procedure is organized in such a way that the necessary proximity of motions of these systems is guaranteed by means of the delay system control and a certain part of the approximating system controls. Another part of the approximating system controls can be used to compensate disturbances in the initial delay system and to ensure the required quality of the control process. Thus, by using the elaborated aiming procedure, results of control theory for ordinary differential systems can be applied to delay differential systems. © 2015, IFAC Hosting by Elsevier Ltd.Russian Science Foundation, RSF15-11-1001

A reversible protonic ceramic cell with symmetrically designed Pr2NiO4+δ-based electrodes: Fabrication and electrochemical features

Reversible protonic ceramic cells (rPCCs) combine two different operation regimes, fuel cell and electrolysis cell modes, which allow reversible chemical-to-electrical energy conversion at reduced temperatures with high efficiency and performance. Here we present novel technological and materials science approaches, enabling a rPCC with symmetrical functional electrodes to be prepared using a single sintering step. The response of the cell fabricated on the basis of P-N- BCZD|BCZD|PBN-BCZD (where BCZD = BaCe0.5Zr0.3Dy0.2O3-δ, PBN = Pr1.9Ba0.1NiO4+δ, P = Pr2O3, N = Ni) is studied at different temperatures and water vapor partial pressures (pH2O) by means of volt-ampere measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and distribution of relaxation times analyses. The obtained results demonstrate that symmetrical electrodes exhibit classical mixed-ionic/electronic conducting behavior with no hydration capability at 750 °C; therefore, increasing the pH2O values in both reducing and oxidizing atmospheres leads to some deterioration of their electrochemical activity. At the same time, the electrolytic properties of the BCZD membrane are improved, positively affecting the rPCC's efficiency. The electrolysis cell mode of the rPCC is found to be more appropriate than the fuel cell mode under highly humidified atmospheres, since its improved performance is determined by the ohmic resistance, which decreases with pH2O increasing. © 2018 by the authors.Российский Фонд Фундаментальных Исследований (РФФИ): 18-38-20063Funding: The majority of this work was carried out under the budgetary plans of Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry. The design of new electrode materials and their characterization was also funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant number 18-38-20063. Dr. Dmitry Medvedev is also grateful to the Council of the President of the Russian Federation (scholarship СП-161.2018.1) for supporting the studies devoted to search of new Co-free electrode materials

"WORLD ORDER" IN THE LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL WORLDVIEW OF THE ICONIC LINGUISTIC PERSONALITY OF HENRY KISSINGER

Aim. To analyze the set of language tools used by H. Kissinger for the most vivid and convincing description of various modern political systems, which, to a large extent, reflects the linguistic and cultural worldview of H. Kissinger&rsquo;s linguistic personality.Methodology. In the course of considering the features of ways and means of reflecting an adequate linguistic and cultural worldview of the author, the interdisciplinary approach is used, which includes the possibility of using a set of methods and research techniques for analyzing texts with rich political content, such as component analysis based on dictionary definitions, contextual and comparative analysis.Results. The study of the linguistic and cultural worldview of the iconic linguistic personality of Henry Kissinger on the material of his book "World Order" illustrates the author's peculiar use of rational arguments (reasonableness, accuracy of selected ideologues, political terms and phrases, logical presentation of the material, validity and scrupulousness of the facts presented), expressed by ideologems inherent in this genre of political communication, stable phrases and terms, as well as linguistic means aimed at the emotional side of information perception, both lexical (epithets, metaphors, etc.) and syntactic (paradoxical antithesis constructions).Research implications. The results of the scientific research contribute to the further development of the theory of the linguistic worldview as a clearly structured multilevel system. Its description on the example of the linguistic and cultural picture of various types of the world order, proposed by H. Kissinger, the analysis of the corresponding set of language tools also helps better understand the argumentation of different sides of the political process.</html