Nanodiamonds as Carriers for Address Delivery of Biologically Active Substances

Surface of detonation nanodiamonds was functionalized for the covalent attachment of immunoglobulin, and simultaneously bovine serum albumin and Rabbit Anti-Mouse Antibody. The nanodiamond-IgGI125 and RAM-nanodiamond-BSAI125 complexes are stable in blood serum and the immobilized proteins retain their biological activity. It was shown that the RAM-nanodiamond-BSAI125 complex is able to bind to the target antigen immobilized on the Sepharose 6B matrix through antibody–antigen interaction. The idea can be extended to use nanodiamonds as carriers for delivery of bioactive substances (i.e., drugs) to various targets in vivo

Enhanced Growth and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Osteoblast-Like Cells on Boron-Doped Nanocrystalline Diamond Thin Films

Intrinsic nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films have been proven to be promising substrates for the adhesion, growth and osteogenic differentiation of bone-derived cells. To understand the role of various degrees of doping (semiconducting to metallic-like), the NCD films were deposited on silicon substrates by a microwave plasma-enhanced CVD process and their boron doping was achieved by adding trimethylboron to the CH4:H2 gas mixture, the B∶C ratio was 133, 1000 and 6700 ppm. The room temperature electrical resistivity of the films decreased from >10 MΩ (undoped films) to 55 kΩ, 0.6 kΩ, and 0.3 kΩ (doped films with 133, 1000 and 6700 ppm of B, respectively). The increase in the number of human osteoblast-like MG 63 cells in 7-day-old cultures on NCD films was most apparent on the NCD films doped with 133 and 1000 ppm of B (153,000±14,000 and 152,000±10,000 cells/cm2, respectively, compared to 113,000±10,000 cells/cm2 on undoped NCD films). As measured by ELISA per mg of total protein, the cells on NCD with 133 and 1000 ppm of B also contained the highest concentrations of collagen I and alkaline phosphatase, respectively. On the NCD films with 6700 ppm of B, the cells contained the highest concentration of focal adhesion protein vinculin, and the highest amount of collagen I was adsorbed. The concentration of osteocalcin also increased with increasing level of B doping. The cell viability on all tested NCD films was almost 100%. Measurements of the concentration of ICAM-1, i.e. an immunoglobuline adhesion molecule binding inflammatory cells, suggested that the cells on the NCD films did not undergo significant immune activation. Thus, the potential of NCD films for bone tissue regeneration can be further enhanced and tailored by B doping and that B doping up to metallic-like levels is not detrimental for cells

Wood luminescence as marker of tree Armillaria infection

Diagnostics of infectious diseases of trees is based on anatomical and morphological characteristics of the tree damage and determining the participants of this process. In the study of tree diseases caused by fungal pathogens their presence and description of morphological characteristics is necessary. Thus, the studies of the causes of the trees diseases are only possible fora limited amount of time, the determined period of the formation of fruiting bodies of fungi. Keep in mind that not every year the natural conditions are favorable for the basidia formation. The diagnostics of pathogen is complicated in the absence of fruiting bodies. In this case, it is required to carry out additional measures on the cultivation of fruit bodies or obtaining a pure culture of the fungal mycelium to determine the cause of the disease. According to the literature, the genus Armillaria fungi are the most common wood destroyers in all forest areas. In addition, they are found in the botanical gardens, parks, urban areas and on private garden plots. Unlike other fungi that destroy wood trees the mycelium complex Armillaria mellea sensu lato has bioluminescence. This feature allows you to identify them among other basidiomycetes growing in Russia. In this article, based on the experimental results is discussed a method for determining the infestation of trees by root pathogens complex Armillaria mellea s. L. by recording luminescence wood samples. It has been shown that the registration of bioluminescent signal of wood samples can be performed at any time of the year, not just during the growing season. It is supposed the possibility of identifying trees that are infected by mycelium of pathogenic fungi genus Armillaria in the absence of fruiting bodies. It may allow probably early detection of infected trees

Hematological Parameters and the State of Liver Cells of Rats After Oral Administration of Aflatoxin B1 Alone and Together with Nanodiamonds

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Hematological parameters and the state of liver cells of rats were examined in vivo after the animals received aflatoxin B₁ (AfB₁) alone and together with modified nanodiamonds (MND) synthesized by detonation. The rats that had received the MND hydrosol had elevated leukocyte levels, mainly due to higher granulocyte counts and somewhat increased monocyte counts compared to control rats. Hematological parameters of the rats that had received AfB₁ alone differed from those of the control rats in another way: total white blood cell counts were significantly lower due to the decreased lymphocyte counts. In rats that had consumed AfB₁ with the MND hydrosol, changes in hematological parameters were less pronounced than in rats that had consumed either AfB₁ or MND. Electron microscopy showed that hepatocytes of the rats that had received the MND hydrosol or AfB₁ with the MND hydrosol contained elevated levels of lipid inclusions and lysosomes. Hyperplasia of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (EPR) was revealed in liver specimens of the rats that had received AfB₁. Results of the study suggest the conclusion about mutual mitigation of the effects of nanoparticles and the mycotoxin on rats blood and liver cells after AfB₁ has adsorbed on MND.</p

Nanodiamonds in Biotechnology: Application for Purification of Proteins and Test-Systems of Indication

Обсуждаются перспективы применения наноалмазов в биотехнологии. На примере очистки рекомбинантной бактериальной люциферазы из экстрактов клеток-продуцентов E. coli показана возможность эффективного выделения белков из сложных белковых смесей с помощью наноалмазов: процесс проводится при минимуме оборудования и затрат времени; позволяет за один технологический цикл получать целевой продукт в препаративных количествах, высокого качества (по данным SDS-электрофореза) и выходом до 40-45 %. Демонстрируется возможность использования наноалмазов в создании систем индикации на примере конструирования биолюминесцентной тест-системы на основе комплекса наноалмаз- люцифераза и инертной полимерной матрицы.This paper discusses the perspectives of applications of the detonation nanodiamonds in biotechnology. An effective separation of proteins from complex protein mixtures by using of nanodiamonds is shown on the example of purification of recombinant luciferase from the extracts of E. coli bacterial cells: the process requires minimum equipment and time; one technological cycle yields 40-45 % of desired product with high-quality (according to the SDS-PAGE). The application of nanodiamonds for design of indicating systems is demonstrated on the example of a biosensor system based on the nanodiamondluciferase complex and inert polymeric matrix

Nanodiamonds in Biotechnology: Application for Purification of Proteins and Test-Systems of Indication

Обсуждаются перспективы применения наноалмазов в биотехнологии. На примере очистки рекомбинантной бактериальной люциферазы из экстрактов клеток-продуцентов E. coli показана возможность эффективного выделения белков из сложных белковых смесей с помощью наноалмазов: процесс проводится при минимуме оборудования и затрат времени; позволяет за один технологический цикл получать целевой продукт в препаративных количествах, высокого качества (по данным SDS-электрофореза) и выходом до 40-45 %. Демонстрируется возможность использования наноалмазов в создании систем индикации на примере конструирования биолюминесцентной тест-системы на основе комплекса наноалмаз- люцифераза и инертной полимерной матрицы.This paper discusses the perspectives of applications of the detonation nanodiamonds in biotechnology. An effective separation of proteins from complex protein mixtures by using of nanodiamonds is shown on the example of purification of recombinant luciferase from the extracts of E. coli bacterial cells: the process requires minimum equipment and time; one technological cycle yields 40-45 % of desired product with high-quality (according to the SDS-PAGE). The application of nanodiamonds for design of indicating systems is demonstrated on the example of a biosensor system based on the nanodiamondluciferase complex and inert polymeric matrix