Comparative constructions of similarity in Northern Samoyedic languages

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the suffixes which are used in Northern Samoyedic languages to build comparative constructions of equality. Depending on the language, the suffixes may perform three functions: word-building, form-building, and inflectional. When they mark the noun, they serve as simulative suffixes and are employed to build object comparison. In the inflectional function, these suffixes mark the verb and are a means of constructing situational comparison. In this case, they signal the formation of a special mood termed the Approximative. This paper provides a detailed description of the Approximative from paradigmatic and syntagmatic perspectives

Formation and electrochemical behavior of self assembled multilayers involving quinone

IF: 2,078info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Mesoporous carbon-supported Pd nanoparticles with high specific surface area for cyclohexene hydrogenation: Outstanding catalytic activity of NaOH-treated catalysts

Abstract Extremely high specific surface area mesoporous carbon-supported Pd nanoparticle catalysts were prepared with both impregnation and polyol-based sol methods. The silica template used for the synthesis of mesoporous carbon was removed by both NaOH and HF etching. Pd/mesoporous carbon catalysts synthesized with the impregnation method has as high specific surface area as 2250 m2/g. In case of NaOH-etched impregnated samples, the turnover frequency of cyclohexene hydrogenation to cyclohexane at 313 K was obtained ~ 14 molecules ∙ site− 1 ∙ s− 1. The specific surface area of HF-etched samples was higher compared to NaOH-etched samples. However, catalytic activity was ~ 3–6 times higher on NaOH-etched samples compared to HF-etched samples, which can be attributed to the presence of sodium and surface hydroxylgroups of the catalysts etched with NaOH solution

Spectroscopic studies on self-supporting multi-wall carbon nanotube based composite films for sensor applications

Self-supporting composite buckypapers containing 50 wt% multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and SnOx or VOx were prepared by filtration using two different methods. Either the metal-oxides were pre-prepared and mixed with the nanotubes only before filtration (co-filtration method), or the MWCNTs were placed into the synthesis autoclaves of the oxides (single-step method) and the buckypaper was filtered from the product of this synthesis. The resulting composites were characterized by high resolution scanning electron microscopy, XPS, IR and Raman spectroscopy. Whereas the co-filtered samples are simple mechanical mixtures of their individual components, in case of the single-step composites we have found evidence for the existence of an interfacial region between the carbon nanotubes and the metal oxides. This is verified by the appearance of Sn and V in lower oxidation state from the metal-oxide side as well as by the presence of a low-frequency shoulder of the Raman G-band from the carbon nanotube side. The latter feature resembles a Breit Wigner Fano type line which is characteristic for phonon coupling to an electronic continuum

Highly efficient bacteria inactivation and phenol degradation by visible light irradiated iodine doped TiO2

In this study visible light active iodine doped titanium dioxide samples prepared by sol-gel method were investigated. Photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XFS), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area technique.Different iodine/titanium ratios (nI/nTi=0.0-2.6) were applied during the synthesis and the optimum value was determined by phenol degradation under UV and VIS irradiations. The photocatalytic efficiency towards phenol degradation and the inactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) contaminated water under visible light illumination (conventional 24W energy-saving compact fluorescence lamps) of the most active iodine-doped TiO2 (nI/nTi=0.5; 79.5m2/g; 98wt% anatase) was compared with well known reference photocatalysts, that are Aeroxide P25 and Aldrich anatase (>85nm primary crystallite size). Results showed that our iodine doped TiO2 was far more efficient at inactivating the E. coli and decomposing the phenol than Aeroxide P25. Electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements confirmed the formation of highly reactive OH radicals by the iodine doped titania under VIS irradiation. In contrast, singlet oxygen and superoxide radical ions were not detected. The performed experiments also proved that dissolved iodine was produced in very low concentrations (about 0.01-0.025mg/L) from the irradiated titanium dioxide. The dissolved iodine could have some contribution to the phenol oxidation and the disinfection effects. This study demonstrated this property of iodine-doped titanias for the first time. © 2012 Elsevier B.V