Management Accountants’ Functions and Control System in Informal Sector’s Business Decisions in Nigeria

This paper examined the effects of Ownership-Controls and Management Accountant(s) functions indecision making process of informal businesses (SMEs) in Osun State of Nigeria. Disparity cases that areoften experienced by Management Accountants on decisions and that of business Owners in informalbusiness sectors – One-man businesses, partnership businesses and other private companies necessitate thisstudy. Many Accountants in the informal business sectors are suffering from a lot of hardships through self - designed decisions usually imposed by business Owners at the expense of information generated throughcalculated parameters on business decisions. The study used both Simple Percentage Method andDescriptive Data Analysis Method (DDAM) to evaluate 10 informal businesses in Osogbo, the capital city ofOsun State of Nigeria. The study revealed that most informal Businesses failed due to the fact that Ownersare always ignoring the advice of Management Accountants in vital business decisions. The paperrecommends proper utilization of MCS principles in line with information supplied by ManagementAccountants in both formal and informal sectors of Nigeria economy so as to aid the function and servicedeliverance potentials and subsequent improvement in SMEs results in Nigeri

ACCOUNTING REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS AND PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS’ COMPLIANCE IN NIGERIA

This paper is an attempt to investigate the rate of compliance of public institutions with the framework stipulations of accounting regulations in Nigeria. Series of accounting Regulatory Provisions guiding preparation and presentation of financial reports in public institutions were examined. Descriptive statistical methods - Simple Percentage Method (SPM) and Chi-square were used on 50 Respondents from Ministry of Finance and the Office of Accountant General of the State of Osun in Nigeria. The paper revealed that there is a positive relationship between regulatory framework and financial reports preparation and presentations in Osun State. The study recommends that Proper trainings on public sector accounting and establishments of performance evaluation of employees should be put in place in order to make public institutions account more effective in the State of Osun

EFFECT OF STOCK MARKET REGULATIONS AND REFORMS ON INVESTORS’WEALTH IN NIGERIA

This paper examines the impact of stock market regulations and reforms on frequent wealth–loss often experienced by investors in Nigeria Stock Exchange Markets right from March, 2008 in Nigeria. Secondary data on two selected banks-listed on the Nigeria Stock exchange market in Nigeria before April, 2003 using random selection method, viz: First Bank of Nigeria and Union Bank of Nigeria. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistical method of time series and Simple Percentage Method (SPM). The study revealed that share values are attractive and considerably stable in term of return to investment of shareholders during the preshare crisis period due to the effectiveness of the enabling stock market regulations than in the post share crisis period when value of shares went into spiralling declension. Stock market regulations and reforms is now under serious challenges as the percentage of indigenous investors has reduced drastically from 19% to less than 14% in the Nigeria Stock Exchange markets. Thus the study recommends more proactive regulations and reforms, potent enough to bring back confidence to investors in this post share crisis periods in Nigeria

Frailty and mortality among older patients in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria

Background: This study determined the frailty status and its association with mortality among older patients.Design: A prospective cohort design.Setting: Study was conducted at the medical wards of University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Participants and study tools: Four hundred and fifty older patients (>60 years) were followed up from the day of admission to death or discharge. Information obtained includes socio-demographic characteristics and clinical frailty was assessed using the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) scale. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out using SPSS version 21 at a p <0.05.Results: Overall, frailty was identified in 285 (63.3%) respondents. Mortality was significantly higher among frail respondents (25.3%) than non-frail respondents (15.4%) p=0.028. Logistic regression analysis showed factors associated with frailty were: male sex (OR=1.946 [1.005–3.774], p=0.048), non-engagement in occupational activities(OR=2.642 [1.394–5.008], p=0.003), multiple morbidities (OR=4.411 [1.944–10.006], p<0.0001), functional disability (OR=2.114 [1.029–4.343), p=0.042], malnutrition (OR=9.258 [1.029–83.301], p=0.047) and being underweight (OR=7.462 [1.499–37.037], p=0.014).Conclusion: The prevalence of frailty among medical in-hospital older patients is very high and calls for its prompt identification and management to improve their survival.Keywords: Frailty, Mortality, Older patients, in-hospital, NigeriaFunding: The study was self-funded by the author

RESPONSE OF WEANED PIGS TO DIFFERENT DIETARY PROTEIN SOURCES AND DIET TYPES

Pig is one of the most consumed meat across the globe. However, its production is limited by high cost of feed ingredients. Hence, the search for alternative cheap feed ingredients without any loss to animal’s performance is on the increase. The influence of different protein sources and feed types (wet or dry) was investigated on the growth performance, haematology and serum biochemistry of weaned pigs. Weight gain and feed conversion ratio were higher for soybean and full-fat soya-based diets. Feed and water intake were not significantly different amongst treatments. Nature of feed did not influence weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Groundnut cake meal may compare with soybean meal in pig’s diet, but it may have to be supplemented with lysine, methionine or fish meal.   &nbsp

Fuel Characterization of Agro-wastes and Briquettes Produced from Rice Husk, Groundnut Shell and Corncob Blends

The choice of agro waste for the production of briquettes for domestic and industrial cottage utilization depends on the residues’ physical and fuel characteristics. This study investigate the physical and fuel characteristics for both the residues and blends of rice hull, groundnut shell and corncob. The residues were subjected to size reduction process and variance analysis was used to establish the influence of each sample blends.  Different samples of briquettes were produced by blending rice hull (R), groundnut shell (G) and corncob(C) with different ratios of R:G:C respectively using cassava starch as a binder. The residue’ dimensions and densifications of the sample briquettes were determined using standard methods.The results revealed the following ranges of values; For the compressed residues, density (0.075 - 0.099Kg/m3), volume (0.001 - 0.002m3), height (1.0357 - 1.0343m). For the relaxed residues, density (0.049 - 0.210Kg/m3), volume (0.0001 -0.0002m3), height (1.0357 - 1.0343m). The residual density of rice hull, groundnut shell and corncob are 104, 105, and 103 (Kg/m3) respectively. The densification; compressed density (461.22 - 627.24 Kg/m3), relaxed density (285.47 - 393.63 Kg/m3), density ratio (0.56 - 0.66), relaxation ratio (1.52 - 1.79), and compaction ratio (1.46 to 2.01). Blend formulations affected the combustion characteristics of the briquettes, with low moisture briquettes possessing higher calorific values. The briquette formulation containing ratio 50:20:30 of rice hull: groundnut shell: corncob respectively had more positive attributes of biomass fuel such as lower relaxation ratio and high compaction ratio than the control and other formulated briquettes in this study. Generally, significant (p<0.05) differences existed between the samples in almost all the parameters.Keywords: Briquettes, Corn comb, Densification, Fuel Characterization, Groundnut shell, Rice hull

Edwardsiella ictaluri, an unusual cause of bacteraemia in a Nigerian child with acute bloody diarrhoea

Enteric septicaemia of catfish was first detected in 1976 as an economically significant disease associated with commercial catfish production. Initially, Edwardsiella ictaluri was a host specific pathogen of catfish species but has also been reported from other hosts other than the catfish such as the zebrafish. E. ictaluri has not been isolated in humans hence it is not a zoonotic infection. There has been no previous report of isolation of this organism in humans. This was a case report of a 5 year old boy who presented with fever, vomiting, passage of bloody stool of 6 days and abdominal pain of a day duration. In the case of this 5 year old boy who presented with features of dysentery, blood culture using BACTEC™ grew E. ictaluri. E. ictaluri may be a pathogen which can infect humans just like another closely related species, Edwardsiella tarda. Although, E. ictaluri has not been reported in humans, could this be the first case? Non availability of diagnostic technique appropriate for its diagnosis may explain the rare incidence of the organism in humans, hence many cases would have been treated without isolating the organism

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax in a term neonate

Pneumothorax is a rare but recognized cause of respiratory distress in the newborn. It can occur spontaneously or post-traumatic.We report our experience in a term male neonate who had primary spontaneous pneumothorax. He had no surgical intervention but completely recovered with conservative management and supplemental oxygen

Changing Ecotypes of Dengue Virus 2 Serotype in Nigeria and the Emergence of Cosmopolitan and Asian I Lineages, 1966–2019

Dengue virus (DENV) is a leading mosquito-borne virus with a wide geographical spread and a major public health concern. DENV serotype 1 (DENV-1) and serotype 2 (DENV-2) were first reported in Africa in 1964 in Ibadan, Nigeria. Although the burden of dengue is unknown in many African countries, DENV-2 is responsible for major epidemics. In this study, we investigated the activities of DENV-2 to determine the circulating strains and to appraise the changing dynamics in the epidemiology of the virus in Nigeria. Nineteen DENV-2 sequences from 1966–2019 in Nigeria were retrieved from the GenBank of the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI). A DENV genotyping tool was used to identify the specific genotypes. The evolutionary history procedure was performed on 54 DENV-2 sequences using MEGA 7. There is a deviation from Sylvatic DENV-2 to other genotypes in Nigeria. In 2019, the Asian I genotype of DENV-2 was predominant in southern Edo State, located in the tropical rainforest region, with the first report of the DENV-2 Cosmopolitan strain. We confirmed the circulation of other non-assigned genotypes of DENV-2 in Nigeria. Collectively, this shows that DENV-2 dynamics have changed from Sylvatic transmission reported in the 1960s with the identification of the Cosmopolitan strain and Asian lineages. Sustained surveillance, including vectorial studies, is required to fully establish the trend and determine the role of these vectors