Low Error Rate Data Transmission in Cognitive Radio Networks

Cognitive Radio (CR) has become a hopeful technology to enhance the spectrum  utilization  through spectrum sharing between licensed user (primary user) and unlicensed user (secondary user). An vital rule mandated for the development of such frameworks are to develop solutions that don’t require any changes to the existing primary user (PU) infrastructure. An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is typically worn advancements in present wireless communication systems which has the possibility of fulfilling the demand for cognitive radios intrinsically or with slight changes. In this paper, Space time block codes is used. The various antennas used on both ends for trustworthy data broadcast and interference nulling schemes. These codes can accomplish full broadcast diversification determined via the number of broadcast antennas. The MIMO is worn for enhancing the power of a wireless link, to determine the issue for lower BER and achieve a superior performance

Shape-memory properties of magnetically active triple-shape nanocomposites based on a grafted polymer network with two crystallizable switching segments

Thermo-sensitive shape-memory polymers (SMP), which are capable of memorizing two or more different shapes, have generated significant research and technological interest. A triple-shape effect (TSE) of SMP can be activated e.g. by increasing the environmental temperature (Tenv), whereby two switching temperatures (Tsw) have to be exceeded to enable the subsequent shape changes from shape (A) to shape (B) and finally the original shape (C). In this work, we explored the thermally and magnetically initiated shape-memory properties of triple-shape nanocomposites with various compositions and particle contents using different shape-memory creation procedures (SMCP). The nanocomposites were prepared by the incorporation of magnetite nanoparticles into a multiphase polymer network matrix with grafted polymer network architecture containing crystallizable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) crosslinks named CLEGC. Excellent triple-shape properties were achieved for nanocomposites with high PEG weight fraction when two-step programming procedures were applied. In contrast, single-step programming resulted in dual-shape properties for all investigated materials as here the temporary shape (A) was predominantly fixed by PCL crystallites

A SHORT REVIEW ON POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is said to be the commonest endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age with a heterogeneous presentation, which includes hyperandrogenism and ovulatory dysfunction. Polycystic ovary syndrome usually has a peri-pubertal onset;the present review discuss about the causes,complications,risck factors,dianosis and treatment.Key words:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS),Hyperandrogenism,Treatmen

Fodder Scenario and Hortipastoral Opportunities to Enhance Fodder Production in India

Food grain production and livestock production are closely related in India as crop-residue forms the major source of fodder for livestock. It’s thus assumed that increase in food grain production has positive effect on availability of dry matter to the livestock. Using land use classification, crop production (2015 to 2020) and livestock census (2019) data, dry matter (DM) availability for livestock for 28 states of India was estimated. Hortipastoral opportunities by estimating area available under orchards in southern India were done to assess the possibility of introducing fodder crops in orchards. Some of the fodder crops were introduced in orchards of livestock farmers to know how fodder crops address the issue of fodder availability at household level. The lowest DM available state was Assam (52.80 % availability) and highest available state was Haryana (110.80 %). Eight states have surplus DM (+110.80% to +2.3%). Twelve states experience DM deficiency (-2.96 to -47.20%). Inter spaces in orchards, a niche to cultivate fodder crops to reduce such fodder shortage, estimated to produce 67.13 MT of green fodder sufficing yearly requirement of 13.57 million Adult Cattle Units. Adult Cattle Unit is a reference unit which facilitates the aggregation of livestock from various species and age using specific coefficients derived based on the nutritional and feed requirement of each type of animal. Perennial fodder crops were introduced to 450 Mango and Coconut farmers (from 2016-2021) that reduced fodder shortage (50.6±4.39 to 9±1.64%)

LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL AND HYDROCHLORTHIAZIDE IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS

A simple and sensitive RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of Candesartan cilexetil and Hydrochlorthiazide in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The separation of components was achieved on a SHIMADZU Hypersil ODS-C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with UV detection at 270 nm. Isocratic elution with a mobile phase consisting of 10 mM (pH 3.37) Tetra butyl ammonium hydrogen sulphate: methanol (15:85, V/V), at a flow rate 1.0 mL min-1 was employed. Linearity was observed in the concentration range 0.625-62.5 µg/mL for Hydrochlorthiazide and 0.8-80 µg/mL for Candesartan cilexetil respectively. The linear regression equation was found to be Y=64002X-1412.6 for Hydrochlorthiazide and Y=24649X-6701.8 for Candesartan cilexetil respectively with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. The LOD was found to be 0.1385 and 0.1892 µg/mL for Hydrochlorthiazide and Candesartan cilexetil respectively where as the LOQ was found to be 0.4394 and 0.6187 µg/mL for Hydrochlorthiazide and Candesartan cilexetil respectively. The mean analytical recovery in determination of Candesartan cilexetil and Hydrochlorthiazide tablets was 99.31-100.08% Hydrochlorthiazide and 99.58-100.39% for Candesartan cilexetil respectively. Thus, the proposed method is applicable for routine determination of Candesartan cilexetil and Hydrochlorthiazide in pharmaceutical formulations

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE STABILITY INDICATING LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR RIFAXIMIN -AN ANTIBIOTIC

An isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the determination of rifaximin. The samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column using an aqueous tetra butyl ammonium hydrogen sulphate: methanol (10:90, v/v), with flow rate 1.0 mL/min (UV detection at 454 nm). Linearity was observed over the concentration range of 1.0–200 μg/mL with regression equation 15407x +6677 (R2 = 0.9999). The LOQ was found to be 0.786μg/mL and the LOD was found to be 0.238μg/mL. Rifaximin was subjected to stress conditions of degradation in aqueous solutions including acidic, alkaline, oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradation. The forced degradation studies were performed by using HCl, NaOH, H2O2, thermal and UV radiation. Rifaximin is more sensitive towards acidic conditions in comparison to oxidation and very much resistant towards alkaline, thermal and photolytic degradations. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The RSD for intra-day (0.28-0.55) and inter-day (0.68-0.81) precision were found to be less than 1 %. The percentage recovery was in good agreement with the labelled amount in the pharmaceutical formulations and the method is simple, specific, precise, robust and accurate for the determination of Rifaximin in pharmaceutical formulations

Therapeutic effect of hydroethanolic extract of Trianthema portulacastrum L. against N-Nitroso-N-Methylurea-induced mammary tumors in Wistar rats

406-415This study evaluated the therapeutic action of hydroethanolic extract of Trianthema portulacastrum L. (TPE) on N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU)-induced mammary tumors in Wistar rats. A hydroethanolic was prepared and subjected to qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening. After acclimatization, Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each: Group A (vehicle control), Group B (TPE control), Group C (TPE treatment) and group D (NMU control). NMU (50 mg/kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally at 50, 80 and 110 days of age. After the induction of palpable tumors, the rats were administered 200 mg/kg bw of TPE by oral gavage for 2 months. The treatment with TPE significantly (pin vivo therapeutic action of TPE extract on NMU-induced mammary tumors. TPE exhibited antitumor activity through its antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, pro-apoptotic, and estrogen receptor-modulatory properties