Immobilization of Antioxidant Enzyme Catalase on Porous Hybrid Microparticles of Vaterite with Mucin

Catalase is one of the crucial antioxidant enzymes with diverse applications in textile, food industries, wastewater treatment, cosmetics, and pharmaceutics, which, however, is highly sensitive to environmental challenges. Resisting the loss of activity and prolongation of formulation storage can be achieved via the catalase entrapment into insoluble carriers. Affordable and degradable vaterite is proposed as amicable material for catalase immobilization. To improve the carrier properties of the vaterite, it was co‐precipitated with mucin from the pig's stomach producing ca 5 μm hybrid mucin/vaterite microparticles. Catalase is impregnated into the crystals by means of adsorption without chemical modifications. The presence of mucin matrix partially hinders catalase penetration into the crystals and reduces the adsorption capacity (for 0.1 mg mL−1 catalase, ca 2.3 vs ca 1.5 mg g−1 for pristine and hybrid microparticles, respectively) but significantly promotes the protection of antioxidant activity upon storage and under the action of temperature, organic solvent (acetonitrile), and proteolytic enzyme (trypsin). Hybrid microcrystals are pH‐sensitive and better retain the enzyme at pH 3–5 due to catalase‐mucin complexation. Immobilized catalase can be used for 5–6 consecutive cycles until it loses catalytic activity. Altogether, these findings indicate promises of hybrid mucin/vaterite microparticles for immobilization of antioxidant enzymes

Эффективность применения модификаций препарата Суперстим в малых дозах на этапе адаптации микрорастений жимолости (Lonicera L.) подсекции синей (Caeruleae Rehd.) к нестерильным условиям с учетом последействия на этапе доращивания

Relevance. In recent years, interest in the edible honeysuckle culture has increased in Russia, the wide distribution of which is hampered by the lack of quality planting material. The technology of clonal micropropagation allows for a short time to obtain a large amount of honeysuckle planting material, more than a thousand regenerated plants per year from one meristematic apex introduced into an in vitro culture. It is hundreds of times more than in traditional methods of vegetative propagation. Adaptation to non-sterile conditions is the final and most crucial stage of clonal micropropagation, the loss of which can be from 50 to 90%. It should be noted that there is practically no research on how the further development of adapted honeysuckle plants takes place during subsequent growing.Methods. Researching of growth regulators of the new generation Superstim 1 and Superstim 2 effect in low and ultra-low doses on the survival rates and development of honeysuckle plants at the stages of adaptation subsequent growing.Results. Superstim 1 is more effective at physiological concentrations – 1 x 10-7 and in the field of ultra-low doses – 1 x 10-14, 1 x 10-15%. At the stage of subsequent growing, a positive after-effect of physiological concentrations – 1x10-3 and 1x10-7 was observed, and an ultra-low dose – 1x10-17%. The growth regulator Superstim 2 at the stages of adaptation and subsequent growing is effectively used only in one concentration – 1x10-16%. The additional foliar treatments at the stage of subsequent growing are not necessary. Актуальность. В последние годы в России увеличивается интерес к культуре жимолости съедобной, широкое распространение которой сдерживается из-за дефицита качественного посадочного материала. Технология клонального микроразмножения позволяет за короткий срок получить большое количество посадочного материала жимолости, более тысячи растений-регенерантов в год из одного введенного в культуру in vitro меристематического апекса, что в сотни раз больше, чем при использовании традиционных методов вегетативного размножения. Адаптация к нестерильным условиям является заключительным и наиболее ответственным этапом клонального микроразмножения, потери на котором могут составлять от 50 до 90% мериклонов. Следует отметить, что практически нет исследований о том, каким образом происходит дальнейшее развитие адаптированных растений жимолости при доращивании.Методика. Проведено изучение влияния препаратов нового поколения Суперстим 1 и Суперстим 2 в малых и сверхмалых дозах на показатели приживаемости и развития растений жимолости на этапах адаптации и доращивания.Результаты. Выявлено, что препарат Суперстим 1 более эффективен в физиологической концентрации – 1x10-7% и в области сверхмалых доз – 1x10-14, 1x10-15%. На этапе доращивания выявлено положительное последействие физиологических концентраций – 1x10-3, 1x10-7%, и сверхмалой дозы – 1x10-17%. Препарат Суперстим 2 на этапах адаптации и доращивания эффективно применять только в одной концентрации – 1x10-16%. В дополнительных некорневых обработках на этапе доращивания нет необходимости.

Несезонное производство ягодной продукции малины красной в условиях отапливаемых зимних теплиц

Relevance. Currently, in many countries of the world, the production of non-season raspberry berry products has become widespread. Recently, interest in this technology has arisen in Russia, which has great prospects for the development of industrial gardening. In our opinion, it is promising to develop elements of technology for the non-seasonal production of red raspberries, propagated by the method of clonal micropropagation with a traditional and remontant type of fruiting in the conditions of winter heated greenhouses.Material and methods. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of clonal micropropagation of garden plants in the fruit growing laboratory of RGAU-MSHA named after K.A. Timiryazev. The objects of research were varieties of red raspberries with a traditional (variety Volnitsa) and remontant (varieties Orangevoe Chudo and Bryanskoe Divo) type of fruiting. The experimental plants were propagated by the method of clonal micropropagation and grown before distillation in open and protected ground; plants propagated by root offspring served as control. Experimental plants were planted in open ground for growing in mid-May, in mid-October they were transplanted into 10 liter containers and transferred to protected ground conditions. Then put in the refrigerator compartment with a temperature of + 1 ... + 5°C. For distillation, the raspberry repairing plants were exposed in the winter heated greenhouse on January 20, while the shoots of replacing the aboveground system were normalized: without normalization, 3 shoots per plant, complete pruning of the aboveground system. Raspberries with a traditional type of fruiting were exposed in a winter heated greenhouse in three periods on January 20, February 10, March 2. Accounting for the passage of the phenological phases of development and yield was made for 3 months every 5 days.Results. In the conditions of winter heated greenhouses, efficiency has been shown and elements of technology for non-season production of raspberry berries remontant and berries with a traditional type of fruiting, propagated in vitro and grown before open field distillation are developed. It was revealed that it is necessary to normalize the shoots before distillation of raspberry remontant, and the optimal timing for the start of distillation for raspberries with a traditional type of fruiting has been established.Актуальность. В настоящее время во многих странах мира широкое распространение получило производство несезонной ягодной продукции малины. В последнее время интерес к данной технологии возник и в России, что имеет большие перспективы для развития промышленного садоводства. На наш взгляд, перспективно разрабатывать элементы технологии несезонного производства ягод малины красной, размноженной методом клонального микроразмножения с традиционным и ремонтантным типом плодоношения в условиях зимних отапливаемых теплиц.Материал и методика. Опыты проводили в лаборатории клонального микроразмножения садовых растений лаборатории плодоводства РГАУ-МСХА им. К.А. Тимирязева. Объектами исследований служили сорта малины красной с традиционным (сорт Вольница) и ремонтантным (сорта Оранжевое чудо и Брянское диво) типом плодоношения. Опытные растения были размножены методом клонального микроразмножения и выращены перед выгонкой в открытом и защищенном грунте, контролем служили растения, размноженные корневыми отпрысками. В открытый грунт растения были высажены в середине мая, в середине октября их пересадили в контейнеры объемом 10 л и перенесли в условия защищенного грунта. Затем выставили в холодильный отсек с температурой 1…5°C. Для выгонки растения малины ремонтантной выставляли в зимнюю отапливаемую теплицу 20 января, при этом производили нормировку побегов замещения надземной системы: без нормировки, 3 побега на растение, полная обрезка надземной системы. Малину с традиционным типом плодоношения выставляли в зимнюю отапливаемую теплицу в три срока 20 января, 10 февраля, 2 марта. Учеты прохождения фенологических фаз развития и поступления урожая производили в течение 3 месяцев через каждые 5 дней.Результаты. В условиях зимних отапливаемых теплиц показана эффективность и разработаны элементы технологии несезонного производства ягод малины ремонтантной и с традиционным типом плодоношения, размноженных in vitro и выращенных перед выгонкой в открытом грунте. Выявлено, что необходимо провести нормировку побегов перед выгонкой малины ремонтантной и установлены оптимальные сроки начала выгонки для малины с традиционным типом плодоношения

Non-season production of raspberry of red berry products in conditions of heated winter greenhouses

Relevance. Currently, in many countries of the world, the production of non-season raspberry berry products has become widespread. Recently, interest in this technology has arisen in Russia, which has great prospects for the development of industrial gardening. In our opinion, it is promising to develop elements of technology for the non-seasonal production of red raspberries, propagated by the method of clonal micropropagation with a traditional and remontant type of fruiting in the conditions of winter heated greenhouses.Material and methods. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of clonal micropropagation of garden plants in the fruit growing laboratory of RGAU-MSHA named after K.A. Timiryazev. The objects of research were varieties of red raspberries with a traditional (variety Volnitsa) and remontant (varieties Orangevoe Chudo and Bryanskoe Divo) type of fruiting. The experimental plants were propagated by the method of clonal micropropagation and grown before distillation in open and protected ground; plants propagated by root offspring served as control. Experimental plants were planted in open ground for growing in mid-May, in mid-October they were transplanted into 10 liter containers and transferred to protected ground conditions. Then put in the refrigerator compartment with a temperature of + 1 ... + 5°C. For distillation, the raspberry repairing plants were exposed in the winter heated greenhouse on January 20, while the shoots of replacing the aboveground system were normalized: without normalization, 3 shoots per plant, complete pruning of the aboveground system. Raspberries with a traditional type of fruiting were exposed in a winter heated greenhouse in three periods on January 20, February 10, March 2. Accounting for the passage of the phenological phases of development and yield was made for 3 months every 5 days.Results. In the conditions of winter heated greenhouses, efficiency has been shown and elements of technology for non-season production of raspberry berries remontant and berries with a traditional type of fruiting, propagated in vitro and grown before open field distillation are developed. It was revealed that it is necessary to normalize the shoots before distillation of raspberry remontant, and the optimal timing for the start of distillation for raspberries with a traditional type of fruiting has been established