THE SPECIFIC FEATURES OF HEART AND VESSELS REMODELING IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE TREATED WITH LISINOPRIL DURING 6 MONTHS

Background. Being able to attenuate pathological remodeling, ACE inhibitors are considered to be first line medications for chronic heart failure (CHF) treatment.Aim. To study the influence of the 6-month combined therapy with lisinopril on the heart and vessels remodeling in patients with ischemic CHF.Material and Methods. 40 patients with CHF after Q-myocardial infarction were treated with lisinopril (Listril, Dr.Reddy’s, India) as a part of complex therapy. Initially and after 6 months of therapy the following findings were evaluated: the 6-minute walk test results, echocardiography parameters, main arteries rigidity, endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilatation, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic function of vascular endothelium, von Willebrand factor (VWF).Results. 6-month treatment with lisinopril showed reduction in CHF functional class in 30 % of patients and increase in left ventricle (LV) stroke volume by 3,8% and LV ejection fraction by 1%. Pulse-wave velocity reduced insignificantly from 10,2 to 9,2 m/sec and augmentation indices of aorta from 31,4% to 29,9% as well as this of brachial artery from -2,6% to -6%. Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation increased from 6,4% to 8,6% and independent vasodilatation – from 13,8% to 16,6%. VWF activity decrease was observed in 40% of CHF patients. Significant changes in anticoagulant and fibrinolytic function of vascular endothelium were not revealed.Conclusion. Lisinopril administration as a part of complex therapy of CHF patients during 6 months resulted in favorable effect on heart and vessels remodeling and was well tolerated

ТЕМПЕРАТУРНЫЕ РЕЖИМЫ И КРИТИЧЕСКИЕ СКОРОСТИ ПРИ ВОЛОЧЕНИИ ПРОВОЛОКИ

Rod and wire product manufacturing is usually accompanied by residual stresses. The reason for this is both plastic deformation and potential thermoplastic deformation that occurs due to the contact frictional heating of metal surfaces. Undesirable residual stresses in the surface layers affect the accuracy and increase the probability of hardware destruction that can be observed in drawing product manufacturing. The authors of the article propose a method of determining the contact heating conditions based on the criteria of residual stress prevention. Temperature conditions causing thermoplastic deformations are determined according to thermoelasticity equations. Critical values are calculated for the temperature difference between the center and the surface of the stretched wire, at which the latter transits to a plastic state followed by residual stress formation. The limiting drawing velocities for a number of nonferrous metals (copper, zirconium, titanium) are defined. The excess of those top velocities will lead to undesirable residual stresses in the stretched product. It is proposed as a recommendation to increase the critical speed by creating hydrodynamic (fluid) friction conditions in metal products manufacturing. При производстве прутковых и проволочных изделий формируются остаточные напряжения. Причиной этого является как пластическая деформация, так и возможная термопластическая деформация, возникающая за счет контактного разогрева поверхности металлоизделий от сил внешнего трения. Нежелательные остаточные напряжения в поверхностных слоях влияют на точность металлоизделий и повышают вероятность их разрушения, что наблюдается в практике волочильного производства. В работе предложена методика определения условий контактного разогрева из критериев предотвращения образования остаточных напряжений. На основании уравнений термоупругости установлены температурные режимы, приводящие к появлению термопластических деформаций. Рассчитаны критические значения разности температур поверхности и центра протягиваемой проволоки, при которых происходит переход поверхностных слоев проволоки в пластическое состояние с последующим формированием остаточных напряжений. Определены предельные скорости волочения для ряда цветных металлов (медь, цирконий, титан), превышение которых приведет к нежелательным остаточным напряжениям в протягиваемом изделии. Для повышения критических скоростей в качестве рекомендаций предлагается реализация условий гидродинамического (жидкостного) режима трения при производстве металлоизделий.

Changes in the antigenic and genetic structure of influenza viruses: analysis of surveillance data of influenza A and B in Russia in 2006-2013

The goal of this research project was to study the natural variability of human influenza A and B viruses based on the analysis of the population structure of influenza viruses, circulating in Russia in 2006-2013, in order to determine the direction of their genetic and antigenic drift by comparison to the WHO reference strains. Our results proved that during that period significant changes occurred in the genetic structure of influenza viruses, their phylogenetic affiliation, as well as their sensitivity to antiviral drugs. According to the surveillance data, the percentage of influenza A(H1N1) viruses among patients with influenza-like illness or acute respiratory infection gradually decreased from 42% of the total number of influenza viruses in 2006-2007 to 19% in 2008- 2009. Influenza A(H1N1) viruses are characterized by «silent» variability that manifests in the gradual accumulation of amino acid substitutions in the minor undetectable group of viruses.The share of influenza A(H3N2) viruses varied from 10% in the 1st post pandemic year to approx. 60% in 2008-2009 and 2011- 2012 epidemic seasons. All of the influenza A strains isolated during the last years of the period, covered in this study, were found to be susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors and resistant to adamantane antivirals.Influenza B viruses of both Yamagata and Victoria lineages circulated in Russia in the period from 2006 to 2013. The vast majority of these influenza B viruses belonged to the Victoria lineage. Phylogenetic and antigenic analyses of influenza B viruses have demonstrated a gradual drift of Russian isolates from the reference strains. No changes leading to resistance to oseltamivir or zanamivir were found in influenza B strains isolated until 2013.The goal of this research project was to study the natural variability of human influenza A and B viruses based on the analysis of the population structure of influenza viruses, circulating in Russia in 2006-2013, in order to determine the direction of their genetic and antigenic drift by comparison to the WHO reference strains. Our results proved that during that period significant changes occurred in the genetic structure of influenza viruses, their phylogenetic affiliation, as well as their sensitivity to antiviral drugs. According to the surveillance data, the percentage of influenza A(H1N1) viruses among patients with influenza-like illness or acute respiratory infection gradually decreased from 42% of the total number of influenza viruses in 2006-2007 to 19% in 2008- 2009. Influenza A(H1N1) viruses are characterized by «silent» variability that manifests in the gradual accumulation of amino acid substitutions in the minor undetectable group of viruses. The share of influenza A(H3N2) viruses varied from 10% in the 1st post pandemic year to approx. 60% in 2008-2009 and 2011- 2012 epidemic seasons. All of the influenza A strains isolated during the last years of the period, covered in this study, were found to be susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors and resistant to adamantane antivirals. Influenza B viruses of both Yamagata and Victoria lineages circulated in Russia in the period from 2006 to 2013. The vast majority of these influenza B viruses belonged to the Victoria lineage. Phylogenetic and antigenic analyses of influenza B viruses have demonstrated a gradual drift of Russian isolates from the reference strains. No changes leading to resistance to oseltamivir or zanamivir were found in influenza B strains isolated until 2013

Vitamin content of athletes of various sports: assessment of the diet and blood serum level

Objective: to study the vitamins level in athletes of various sports. Materials and methods: during the training process, 400 athletes of various sports and specializations were examined: martial artists, game sport athletes, cyclic, complex coordination sports. We assessed the dietery intake of vitamins A, C, B1, B2 and PP and the blood serum level of vitamins A, E, C, B2 and beta-carotene. Results: The assessement the dietary intake of vitamins in relation to the energy value revealed insufficient intake of vitamins B1, B2 and PP in vast majority of the athletes. Only 15.2% of athlets demonstrated adequate level of all vitamins. Most frequently we found a reduced blood serum riboflavin concentration. Conclusions: An increase of B vitamins dietary intake by athletes through a high level of dietary vitamin supplements

Clinical efficiency of an education program for patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Objective: to develop an education program for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to evaluate its efficiency. Subjects and methods. The study included 43 patients with RA: 23 study group patients were trained according to an education program (Rheumatoid Arthritis Health School), 20 patients formed a control group. The education program consisted of 4 daily 90-min studies. The MDHAQ (R798—NP2) questionnaire was used to determine DAS 28, HAQ, RAPID 3 scores at baseline and following 6 months. Results. Six months after education, the study group showed reductions in DAS 28 by 1.33+0.26 scores (р < 0.05), HAQ by 0.91±0.54 (55.2%; р < 0.01), and RAPID 3 by 5.96±0.92 (49.9%; р < 0.01), anxiety level by 0.86±0.32 (54.4%; р < 0.05), depression by 0.87±0.61 (53.4%; р < 0.05), fatigability by 3.39±1.17 (47.5%; р < 0.05); sleep improved by 0.81±0.36 scores (54.7%; р < 0.05). Six months following education program participation, there was significantly more frequently a good DAS 28 response to treatment according to the EULAR criteria (52.2% versus 30.0% in the control group; р < 0.05), and the number of patients who reported health improvement increased by 8.5 times (р < 0.01). The changes in the control group were less pronounced, which determined statistically significant differences between the groups in most indicators (р < 0.05). Conclusion. The education program improves functional capacities and psychological status, assists in controlling the disease activity, and enhances the quality of life in patients with RA

ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ГЕОМЕТРИИ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ИНСТРУМЕНТА ПРИ ПРЕССОВАНИИ ТРИМЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКОЙ ЗАГОТОВКИ

A procedure of determining the optimum angles of process tools for trimetal work-piece pressing is proposed. The pressing stress providing the minimum power consumption is taken as the basis of optimization.Предложена методика определения оптимальных углов технологического инструмента при прессовании триметаллической заготовки. В основу оптимизации положено напряжение прессования, обеспечивающее минимальные энергозатраты при прессовании

ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ГЕОМЕТРИИ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ИНСТРУМЕНТА ПРИ ПРЕССОВАНИИ БИМЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКОЙ ЗАГОТОВКИ

A technique to determine optimum taper angles of the technological tool in press forming a bimetallic piece part is proposed. The forming stress ensuring the minimum power consumption is taken in the basis of the optimization.Предложена методика определения оптимальных углов технологического инструмента при прессовании биметаллической заготовки. В основу оптимизации положено напряжение прессования, обеспечивающее минимальные энергозатраты в ходе процесса

Эффективность и переносимость селективных и неселективных ингибиторов фактора Ха в профилактике тромбозов при поражении почек у пациентов с системной красной волчанкой и антифосфолипидным синдромом

The use of factor Xa inhibitors is justified in the therapy of thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and active lupus nephritis (LN). To monitor the efficacy and safety of these drugs, plasma anti-Xa (aXa) activity is determined.Objective: to assess the aXa activity of selective and non-selective factor Xa inhibitors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and APS depending on how they affect the kidneys.Patients and methods. Clinical and laboratory findings were prospectively analyzed in SLE and APS patients who long received low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) and selective Xa inhibitors, such as fondaparinux and rivaroxaban. The investigation enrolled 70 patients (54 females and 16 males) aged 39 years (range, 31 to 43 years) with SLE (n=15 (21%)), primary APS (PAPS) (n=10 (14%)), and SLE + APS (n=45 (65%)).Results. Kidney disease was diagnosed in 33 (47%) of the 70 patients. LN was detected in 15 (25%) of the 60 patients: 10 and 5 patients with SLE and SLE + APS, respectively. APS nephropathy (APSN) was manifested by elevated creatinine and urea levels with normal urine sediment and no history of glomerulonephritis and was observed in 18 (33%) of the 55 patients: in 16 with SLE + APS and 2 with PAPS. The therapeutic aXa range of 0.1—1.5 IU/ml was found in 43 (61%) of the 70 patients, low and high aXa activities were seen in 14 (20%) and 13 (19%) patients, respectively.In patients with APSN, the creatinine clearance (CC) depended on aXa levels: the highest CC was noted in patients with aXa >1.5 IU/mL, the lowest CC was in those with aXa <0.9 IU/ mL (p=0.046). The levels of aXa above the therapeutic range were more common in patients taking fondaparinux (9 (31%) out of the 29 patients) than in those using nadroparin (2 (7%) out of the 29 patients) (odds ratio (OR) 1.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.25—2.97; p=0.04). In the fondaparinux group, high aXa was more frequently observed in patients with high SLE activity (7 (47%) out of the 15 patients) than in those with moderate or mild SLE activity (none out of the 7 patients) (OR 1.88; 95% CI, 1.17—3.01; p=0.037) and was unassociated with LN. The highest aXa level with no signs of hemorrhage was 2.08 IU/mL.Conclusion. The level of aXa is a qualitative laboratory marker for the efficacy and safety of LMWHs and fondaparinux. In patients with APS, the enhanced aXa activity of LMWHs and fondaparinux was associated with elevated CC and was not accompanied by hemorrhage. Fondaparinux is an effective and safe anticoagulant for the treatment and prevention of thrombosis in SLE and APS. The therapeutic window for aXa should be extended in these patients.Применение ингибиторов фактора Ха оправдано в терапии тромбозов при антифосфолипидном синдроме (АФС) и активного волчаночного нефрита (ВН). Для контроля эффективности и безопасности этих препаратов используют определение анти-Ха-ак-тивности (аХа) плазмы.Цель исследования — оценить уровень аХа селективных и неселективных ингибиторов фактора Ха у больных системной красной волчанкой (СКВ) и АФС в зависимости от поражения почек.Пациенты и методы. У больных СКВ и АФС, длительно получавших низкомолекулярные гепарины (НМГ) и селективные ингибиторы Ха фондапаринукс и ривароксабан, проспективно проанализированы данные клинических и лабораторных исследований. В исследование включено 70 пациентов (54 женщины и 16 мужчин) в возрасте 39 [31; 43] лет: 15 (21%) — с СКВ, 10 (14%) — с «первичным» АФС (ПАФС) и 45 (65%) — с СКВ + АФС.Результаты и обсуждение. Поражение почек было диагностировано у 33 (47%) из 70 пациентов. ВН выявлен у 15 (25%) из 60 больных: у 10 — с СКВ, у 5 — с СКВ + АФС. АФС-нефропатия (АФСн) проявлялась нарастанием уровня креатинина и мочевины при нормальном мочевом осадке в отсутствие гломерулонефрита в анамнезе и наблюдалась у 18 (33%) из 55 пациентов: у 16 — с СКВ + АФС и у 2 — с ПАФС. Терапевтический интервал аХа 0,1—1,5 МЕ/мл выявлен у 43 (61%) из 70 больных, низкая аХа — у 14 (20%), высокая — у 13 (19%).В группе больных с АФСн клиренс креатинина (КК) зависел от уровня аХа: самый высокий КК отмечался при аХа >1,5 МЕ/мл, самый низкий — при аХа <0,9МЕ/мл (р=0,046). Превышение терапевтического уровня аХа чаще имело место у больных, получавших фондапаринукс, — у 9 (31%) из 29, чем у пациентов, леченных надропарином, — у 2 (7%) из 29 (отношение шансов, ОШ 1,92; 95% доверительный интервал, ДИ 1,25; 2,97; р=0,04). В группе фондапаринукса высокая аХа достоверно чаще наблюдалась у пациентов с высокой активностью СКВ — у 7 из 15 (47%), чем у больных со средней и низкой активностью СКВ (ни у одного из 7; ОШ 1,88; 95% ДИ 1,17; 3,01; р=0,037), и не ассоциировалась с ВН. Максимальный уровень аХа при отсутствии признаков кровотечения составлял 2,08 МЕ/мл.Выводы. Исследование аХа антикоагулянтов — качественный лабораторный маркер эффективности и безопасности НМГ и фондапаринукса. У пациентов с АФС нарастание аХа НМГ и фондапаринукса ассоциировалось с повышением КК и не сопровождалось кровотечением. Фондапаринукс — эффективный и безопасный антикоагулянт для лечения и профилактики тромбозов при СКВ и АФС. Терапевтическое окно аХа у таких пациентов должно быть расширено

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ НЕКОТОРЫХ ВИДОВ МНОГОЛЕТНИХ ЛУКОВ

Evaluation of biochemical characteristics of 8 perennial Allium species is achieved (A. ramosum, A. caeruleum, A. erubescens, A. obliquum, A. moly, A. aflatunense, A. oreophilum and A.ursinum). High nutritional significance of separate decorative species is demonstrated. A. caeruleum is shown to be a leader in the accumulation of ascorbic acid (more than 9000 mg/100 g d.w.) and polyphenols (more than 8000 mg GAE/kg d.v.). Detected ascorbic acid concentration range for 8 studies Allium species was 568 (A. ramosum) – 9980 (A. caerulum) mg/100 g d.w.; polyphenols 1392 (A. obliquum) – 8582 (A. caerulum) mg GAE/kg d.w.; water-soluble compounds 28 (A. aflatunense, A. obliguum) – 69 (A. ramosum) mg/kg d.w.; chlorophyll 0.54 (A.oreophilum) – 1.69 (A. ursinum) mg/100 g d.w.; carotene 0.07 (A. oreophilum) – 0.25 (A.ursinum) mg/100 g d.w.; selenium 72 (A. ursinum) – 245 μg/kg d.w., (A. ramosum). Adequate consumption level of vitamin C may be provides by 6.2 g of A.caerulum leaves. Antioxidant activity of Allium species alcoholic extracts composed a range from 1.5 (A. obliquum) to 6.4 (A. ursinum) mg GAE/g d.w. A. ramosum and A. oreophilum demonstrated the highest content of total soluble solids. The highest content of photosynthetic pigments happened to be typical for A. ursinum. The ratio between antioxidant activity of alcoholic and water extracts of Allium leaves was in the range between 0.89 and 2.21 depending on plant species: the highest value was registered in leaves of A. ursinum, the lowest – in leaves of A. ramosum. In a whole the highest content of antioxidants was demonstrated for leaves of A. caerulum. The highest levels of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant activity of alcoholic extracts were indicated in leaves of A. ursinum.Проведена оценка биохимических показателей 8 видов многолетних луков (A. ramosum, A. caeruleum, A.erubescens, A.obliquum, A.moly, A.aflatunense, A.oreophilum и A.ursinum) и выявлена высокая пищевая ценность отдельных декоративных видов, особенно лука голубого, отличающегося наибольшим содержание витамина С (более 9000 мг/100 г) и полифенолов (более 8000 мг ГК/100 г). Установленные для исследованных видов луков интервалы концентраций витамина С составили: 568 (A. ramosum) – 9980 (A. caerulum) мг/100 г сухой массы; полифенолов: 1392 (A. obliquum) – 8582 (A.caerulum) мг ГК/100 г сухой массы; водорастворимых минералов: 28 (A.aflatunense, A.obliquum) – 69 (A.ramosum) мг/кг сухой массы; хлорофилла: 0,54 (A.oreophilum) – 1,69 (A.ursinum) мг/100 г сухой массы; каротина: 0,07 (A.oreophilum) – 0,25 (A.ursinum) мг/кг сухой массы; селена: 72 (A.ursinum) – 245 мг/кг с.м. (A.ramosum). Адекватный уровень потребления витамина С человеком может быть обеспечен всего 6,2 г листьев лука голубого. Уровень антиоксидантной активности спиртовых экстрактов составил интервал от 1,5 (A.obliquum) до 6,4 (A.ursinum) мг-экв ГК/г с.м. Лук ветвистый и горнолюбивый отличались наибольшим содержанием водорастворимых минералов. Максимальное количество фотосинтетических пигментов было характерно для черемши. Установлено, что соотношение уровней антиоксидантной активности в спиртовом и водном экстрактах колеблется от 0,89 до 2,21 в зависимости от вида растения: максимально – в черемше и минимально – в A. ramosum. В целом наибольшее содержание антиоксидантов установлено в листьях лука голубого. Наибольший уровень фотосинтетических пигментов и антиоксидантной активности спиртовых экстрактов выявлен в листьях черемши

Development of a recipe for hygienic lipstick for the prevention of dry lip skin in winter

The purpose of the study is to develop a recipe and make a hygienic lipstick for the prevention of dry lips in winter.Цель исследования - разработать рецепт и изготовить гигиеническую губную помаду для профилактики сухости губ в зимний период