A Minimal Dissipation Type-Based Classification in Irreversible Thermodynamics and Microeconomics

We formulate the problem of finding classes of kinetic dependencies in irreversible thermodynamic and microeconomic systems for which minimal dissipation processes belong to the same type. We show that this problem is an inverse optimal control problem and solve it. The commonality of this problem in irreversible thermodynamics and microeconomics is emphasized.

Verification of CPT-invariance of QED bound states for the production of muonium or antimuonium in scattering of electrons or positrons by nuclei

A possibility of a verification of CPT-invariance of QED for bound states by example of muonium or antimuonium produced in reactions of scattering of electrons or positrons by nuclei is considered. The number of events of the muonium production is estimated for contemporary accelerators. The method of the detection of muonium by measuring of oscillations of the decay curve caused by the interference between the ground and excited state of muonium is suggested. The admixture of the excited muonium to the final state is calculated.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, Latex, published in JETP 74, 196 (2001), corrected mistypes in eqs. (2.2), (2.4), (2.7

Complex Curve of the Two Matrix Model and its Tau-function

We study the hermitean and normal two matrix models in planar approximation for an arbitrary number of eigenvalue supports. Its planar graph interpretation is given. The study reveals a general structure of the underlying analytic complex curve, different from the hyperelliptic curve of the one matrix model. The matrix model quantities are expressed through the periods of meromorphic generating differential on this curve and the partition function of the multiple support solution, as a function of filling numbers and coefficients of the matrix potential, is shown to be the quasiclassical tau-function. The relation to softly broken N=1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories is discussed. A general class of solvable multimatrix models with tree-like interactions is considered.Comment: 36 pages, 10 figures, TeX; final version appeared in special issue of J.Phys. A on Random Matrix Theor

Long-lived Charginos in the Focus-point Region of the MSSM Parameter Space

We analyse the possibility to get light long-lived charginos within the framework of the MSSM with gravity mediated SUSY breaking. We find out that this possibility can be realized in the so-called focus-point region of parameter space. The mass degeneracy of higgsino-like chargino and two higgsino-like neutralinos is the necessary condition for a long lifetime. It requires the fine-tuning of parameters, but being a single additional constraint in the whole parameter space it can be fulfilled in the Constrained MSSM along the border line where radiative electroweak symmetry breaking fails. In a narrow band close to the border line the charginos are long-lived particles. The cross-sections of their production and co-production at the LHC via electroweak interaction reach a few tenth of pb.Comment: LaTeX, 11 pages, 11 eps figure

Anomalous dimension and local charges

AdS space is the universal covering of a hyperboloid. We consider the action of the deck transformations on a classical string worldsheet in $AdS_5\times S^5$. We argue that these transformations are generated by an infinite linear combination of the local conserved charges. We conjecture that a similar relation holds for the corresponding operators on the field theory side. This would be a generalization of the recent field theory results showing that the one loop anomalous dimension is proportional to the Casimir operator in the representation of the Yangian algebra.Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX; v2: added explanations, reference

Spiky Strings and Giant Holes

We analyse semiclassical strings in AdS in the limit of one large spin. In this limit, classical string dynamics is described by a finite number of collective coordinates corresponding to spikes or cusps of the string. The semiclassical spectrum consists of two branches of excitations corresponding to "large" and "small" spikes respectively. We propose that these states are dual to the excitations known as large and small holes in the spin chain description of N=4 SUSY Yang-Mills. The dynamics of large spikes in classical string theory can be mapped to that of a classical spin chain of fixed length. In turn, small spikes correspond to classical solitons propagating on the background formed by the large spikes. We derive the dispersion relation for these excitations directly in the finite gap formalism.Comment: 36 pages, 9 figure

Ultraviolet Fixed Points in Gauge and SUSY Field Theories in Extra Dimensions

We consider gauge field theories in $D>4$ following the Wilson RG approach and show that they possess the ultraviolet fixed points where the gauge coupling is dimensionless in any space-time dimension. At the fixed point the anomalous dimensions of the field and vertex operators are known exactly. These fixed points are nonperturbative and correspond to conformal invariant theories. The same phenomenon also happens in supersymmetric theories with the Yukawa type interactions.Comment: LaTeX, 10pp. v2: Comments and references adde

Influence of carbon substitution on the heat transport in single crystalline MgB2

We report data on the thermal conductivity \kappa(T,H) in the basal plane of hexagonal single-crystalline and superconducting Mg(B_{1-x}C_x)_2 (x= 0.03, 0.06) at temperatures between 0.5 and 50 K, and in external magnetic fields H between 0 and 50 kOe. The substitution of carbon for boron leads to a considerable reduction of the electronic heat transport, while the phonon thermal conductivity seems to be much less sensitive to impurities. The introduction of carbon enhances mostly the intraband scattering in the \sigma-band. In contrast to the previously observed anomalous behavior of pure MgB$_2$, the Wiedemann-Franz law is valid for Mg(B_0.94 C_0.06)_2 at low temperatures.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. Final version to appear in Phys. Rev.