Monitoring-based analysis of agriculture in Iraq

The paper deals with change in area and structure of Iraq agricultural lands. It revealed the main reasons for the change: crisis (war, sanctions, etc.); economic (swamp and lake drainage, melioration, etc.); weather condition. Land-use intensification as a reason for reduction of agricultural land areas was not proved. The area of cultivated lands proved to correlate significantly with the level of precipitation, wheat productivity -with the average temperature in Iraq

Correlative Microscopy: A Potent Tool for Biomedicine

The correlative microscopy method based on a combination of optical and electronic techniques that is increasingly widely used now, has a number of limitations. Here, an alternative approach is considered that uses scanning probe microscopy (SPM) technique to get high-resolution and ultra-high-resolution data. SPM greatly increases the possibilities of collecting new information (on topological, morphological, electrical, magnetic etc. properties). To obtain three-dimensional distributions of different parameters of the sample, ultramicrotomography is used, which allows to scan the sample in steps of up to 20 nm. The principal advantage of the approach is that spectral data are used which due to the combination in near field microscopy can be gained with high and ultrahigh resolution. All above mentioned features are implemented in a single instrument, which allows to have 3-D data and their distributions at the same instrumental platform. A special feature of the approach is the possibility to use all the power of micro(nano)spectral methods. Therefore, it would be more correct to name the proposed approach ”Correlative microspectroscopy”. Keywords: correlative microscopy, correlative microspectroscopy, scanning near-ielf optical microscopy, ultramicrotomography, Raman, TER

Design of the Model of Ratiometric Polymer Nanobiothermometer Based on Quantum Dots

To solve many modern biological and biotechnological tasks it is necessary to realize strictly control and regulation of temperature of the cells and their organelles. Thi stasks include control of various exo- and endothermic reactions, monitoring of tissues‘ and individual cell‘s temperature in in vitro researches and in vivo procedures such as the hyperthermia procedure that used for cancer treatment. The today known methods of measuring and controlling of temperature at the cellular level can not provide the necessary level of locality and accuracy due to too big size and heightened sensitivity to external factors. The real alternative of existing today methods is nanoscale temperature biosensor operating on a ratiometric principle and based on the composite structure from polymers and colloidal quantum dots. In this paper we present a working model and plan of investigation of ratiometric nanoscale polymer nanobiothermometer based on quantum dots. Keywords: thermosensors, quantum dots, local temperature, polymers, temperature measuremen

Technology for Creation and Detailed Analysis of Polymer Composites with Uniform Distribution of Quantum Dots and Liquid Crystals

One of the most actual tasks in biotechnology is the creation of a new generation of nanobiosensors with improved brightness, photo stability, and sensitivity. Compositions of polymers and colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are the most promising base to develop such sensors. This work presents the technology for creation and detailed analysis of nanostructured composite films based on polypropylene matrices with uniformly distributed CdSe/ZnS quantum dots and liquid crystals. Methods of optical microscopy, scanning probe microscopy and confocal fluorescen tmicrospectroscopy were used. The presence of liquid crystals in the composite allows additional control of QDs fluorescence. The methodology proposed is applicable not only to polypropylene, but also to other porous polymers. The results of this work indicate the possibility of creating high-quality polymer/QDs composite materials and open the way to the development of nanomaterials (nanosensors) with optical properties sensitive to various environmental parameters (electric field, photo irradiation, mechanical action, etc.). Keywords: quantum dot-polymer composites, nanoporous polypropylene, fluorescenc

8-Hydr­oxy-8-phenyl-2,3,7,8-tetra­hydro-6H-1,4-dioxino[2,3-f]isoindol-6-one

In the title compound, C16H13NO4, the indole system is essentially planar, whereas the dioxane ring adopts a twist conformation. The mol­ecules are linked into chains by —O— H⋯O=C— hydrogen bonds and these chains are linked into rods by means of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Exept for weak C—H⋯O inter­actions between the rods, no other inter­molecular contacts of inter­est are present

Multigroup method for calculating the spectrum of the neutron flux density of RBMK-1000

The article describes a method for calculating the spectrum of the multigroup neutron flux. The paper shows the basic rules and principles of multigroup calculation, presented the basic formulas. Just article shows the calculated neutron spectrum RBMK-1000 using multigroup method. The calculation is performed within the job of teaching and research students TPU

First study of radiation hardness of lead tungstate crystals at low temperatures

The electromagnetic calorimeter of PANDA at the FAIR facility will rely on an operation of lead tungstate (PWO) scintillation crystals at temperatures near -25 deg.C to provide sufficient resolution for photons in the energy range from 8 GeV down to 10 MeV. Radiation hardness of PWO crystals was studied at the IHEP (Protvino) irradiation facility in the temperature range from room temperature down to -25 deg.C. These studies have indicated a significantly different behaviour in the time evolution of the damaging processes well below room temperature. Different signal loss levels at the same dose rate, but at different temperatures were observed. The effect of a deep suppression of the crystal recovery process at temperatures below 0 deg.C has been seen.Comment: 10 pages 7 figure

rac-12,14-Dicyclo­propyl-5,8,13,18,21-penta­oxapenta­cyclo­[13.8.0.02,11.04,9.017,22]tricosa-1(15),2(11),3,9(10),16,22(23)-hexa­ene

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C24H24O5, has crystallographic twofold symmetry, with the central O atom lying on the rotation axis. The dihedral angle between the best planes of the benzene rings fused to the oxepine fragment is 38.5 (1)°. The dioxine ring adopts a twist form with the ethyl­ene group C atoms deviating by 0.472 (5) and −0.248 (6) Å from the plane defined by the remaining ring atoms