ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ БИОПСИИ СИГНАЛЬНОГО ЛИМФАТИЧЕСКОГО УЗЛА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ФЛУОРЕСЦЕНТНОЙ ЛИМФОГРАФИИ. ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ

С целью изучения возможности биопсии сигнального лимфатического  узла (СЛУ) методом  флуоресцентной лимфографии с применением зелёного индоцианина оперированы 65 больных раком молочной железы (РМЖ) 0-III стадий,  в том числе: 1) 8 больных РМЖ cTisN0M0; 2) 45 больных РМЖ cT1–4N0M0; 3) 12 больных РМЖ cT1–4N1–3M0 после эффективной системной терапии с неопределяемыми регионарными метастазами. Больным первой группы выполнялись биопсия СЛУ и мастэктомия с первичной реконструкцией. Дополнительная подмышечная лимфаденэктомия не производилась. Больным второй и третьей групп первым этапом операции выполнялась биопсия СЛУ, затем – органосохраняющая операция или радикальная мастэктомия с сохранением грудных мышц +/- первичная реконструкция молочной железы + подмышечная лимфаденэктомия I–II или  I–II–III уровней. СЛУ были выявлены у 60 больных – 92%, не найдены в 5 случаях. В том числе в первой  группе  СЛУ был найден у 7, у всех – без метастатического поражения.Во второй  группе  СЛУ найден  у 43 – в 96%. В 11 случаях из 43 обнаружены метастазы в СЛУ (26%). Ложноотрицательный результат 1 из 43 (2%). При РМЖ cT1–4N1–3M0 после эффективной системной терапии с исчезновением регионарных метастазов: из 12 таких больных СЛУ найден  у 10 – в 83%. В 4 случаях из 10 обнаружены метастазы в СЛУ (40%). Ложноотрицательных результатов 0 из 10. Не было зафиксировано  ни одного случая аллергических реакций или других побочных реакций при стандартном подкожном применении индоцианина. Флуоресцентный метод поиска СЛУ имеет свои технологические особенности: в большинстве случаев СЛУ не визуализируется через кожу, его нужно искать в ране, ориентируясь на ход лимфатического протока. Выполнение метода поиска от введения препарата до получения СЛУ занимает 15–30 минут. По нашей предварительной оценке, метод не уступает радионуклидному методу по частоте обнаружения СЛУ и частоте ложноотрицательных результатов

Irradiation of austenitic steel 10Cr12Mn14Ni4AlMo and titanium alloy Ti-Al-V by pulsed streams of fast nitrogen ions and plasma in a dense plasma focus

Austenitic steel 10Cr12Mn14Ni4AlMo and Ti-4Al-3V alloy were irradiated with nanosecond pulsed nitrogen ion and plasma streams in plasma focus devices. The two different modes of the treatment were applied: high power density (greater-than or equal to 10 8 W/cm2) irradiation with melting of the surface layer and irradiation with power density similar to 10 7 W/cm2 below the melting threshold. Structure and phase changes as well as the mechanisms of modification and hardening of the surface layers of the steel and titanium alloy upon applied irradiation are discussed

Surface and bulk processes in materials induced by pulsed ion and plasma beams at Dense Plasma Focus devices

A review of results and new data on the interaction of pulsed ion and dense plasma beams with metals in different Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) devices are presented. Different irradiation conditions with microsecond pulses of the power density in the range of 105 109 W/cm2 were applied. The most interesting thermal and radiation effects observed in both surface and bulk of the material positioned at the cathode part of the DPF device have been considered. Advanced directions of DPF use for scientific and applied problems of radiation material science were determined

Increasing the radicalism of organ-saving surgery for breast cancer by an intraoperative histological study

The paper gives the long-term results of organ-saving surgery in 141 patients with stage Ia–IIIc breast cancer. Emergent histological examina- tion of a breast tissue sector was made during the surgery. Due to intraoperative morphological findings, the surgical volume was extended to gland reresection or mastectomy in 34 % of cases. There were low rates of local recurrences (0.6 % per year) and delayed operations

On the nature of changes in the optical characterization produced in sapphire on its irradiation with a pulsed powerful stream of hydrogen ions

Changes in the optical characteristics in synthetic sapphire specimens produced by microsecond pulse irradiation with a stream of hydrogen ions of energies ranging up to tens keV have been observed. Data on decrease in the optical reflection, measured within the wavelength range of 200 900 nm, are presented. This characterization is compared with the data received by optical and atomic force microscopy as well as by lattice structure analysis performed with X-rays. The measurements indicate that the changes of optical parameters are not a consequence of absorption increase and/or sapphire decomposition. They result from modifications of the morphology and structure of surface layer of the sapphire samples, induced by irradiation

PF-6 an effective plasma focus as a source of ionizing radiation and plasma streams for application in material technology, biology and medicine

A review of results on the design and operation of the new efficient Dense Plasma Focus device PF-6 of medium size (transportable) having bank energy of ca. 7 kJ and possessing a long lifetime is presented. New data on the interaction of the pulsed fast ion beams and dense plasma streams generated at this apparatus with various materials are given. These results are compared with the analogous information received at the biggest facility PF-1000. It is shown that it is possible to have about the same power flux density (in the range of 105 109 W/cm2) in both devices however in different areas. Doses of soft X-rays produced by the device within the resists for the goals of microlithography and micromachining appear to be several times less that it is with the conventional X-ray tube. In biological application of this device, medium- and hard-energy X-rays are exploited in the field of radioenzymology. It was found that the necessary dose producing activation/inactivation of enzymes can be by several orders of magnitude lower if used at a high-power flux density in comparison with those received with isotope sources. In medicine, short-life isotope production for the goals of the positron emission tomography (medicine diagnostics) is possible by means of the fast ions generated within DPF. All these experiments are discussed in the framework of pulsed radiation physics and chemistry in its perfect sense thereto the criteria are formulated

Experimental study of a powerful energy flow effect on materials in PF-1000 installation

The report describes some of the results obtained in an experimental study of the impact of a powerful plasma stream and a fast ion beam generated in a PF-1000 device on different materials perspective for the use in radiation loaded parts of pulsed plasma installations. Investigations were done during and after the interaction processes. It is shown that in case of irradiation of samples only by high power flux density plasma streams the effect of detachment still preserved. At the same time a low power flux density high-energy ion beam plays an important role in the process of saturation of the irradiated material by hydrogen

Influence of powerful pulses of hydrogen plasma upon materials in PF-1000 device

The results of experimental investigations of powerful hydrogen plasma jets and fast ion beams interaction with various materials (austenitic chromium-manganese steels, pure vanadium, tungsten, graphite, copper, and their alloys: Cu-4 mass% Ni and Cu-10 mass% Ga) are presented. The materials were placed on the discharge axis of the PF-1000 device and irradiated with fluxes of fast ions (of energy in the range from tens keV up to several MeV) and with plasma streams (of power flux density q~(108 109) W/cm2). It was found that the fast ions and plasma streams caused different damages to the aforementioned materials. A diverse character of the damages to the individual investigated material was revealed. Some peculiarities of the process as well as the correlation between the surface density of the "macroscopic" structural defects (blisters and craters) and the fluence of the fast ions implanted in the specimen are discussed