25 research outputs found
Adrenoreactance of arteries of intestines and back finiteness at adaptation to a cold
At adaptation to a cold of rabbits for 1st, 5th, 10th, 30th day the quantity and sensitivity adrenoreceptors changes
ΠΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π²Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ²Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄. Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½.
The purpose of the study is to analyze morbidity and to determine etiology of community-acquired pneumonia of conscripts, to examine the epidemiological effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate and non-conjugate polysaccharide vaccines for the prevention of community-acquired pneumonia in soldiers.Materials and methods. The incidence of communityacquired pneumonia of conscripts in the period from 2008 to 2017 was examined. PCR diagnosis of samples sputum and smears from the pharynx of 694 patients with pneumonia of conscripts was carried out to detect fragments of DNA/RNA of 14 different pathogens. Epidemiologic efficacy of conjugated and non-conjugated pneumococcal vaccine was studied in groups from a total population of 1727 soldiers.Results. It is established that over the past 8 years, the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia of military conscripts decreased by 2.7 times. However, the level of morbidity achieved in 2017 (25.7 β°) is still very high compared to the incidence of contract soldiers (5.3 β°) and the population (4.2 β°).When determining the etiology of pneumonias in military conscripts by means of PCR diagnosis, the prevalence of S. pneumoniae and adenoviruses was established, the genetic material of which was detected in 56.3% and 35.9% of the examined samples, respectively. 56.1% of pneumonia had mixed, mainly viral-bacterial etiology.Among those who were vaccinated with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia was 4.5 times lower in the 5 β month follow β up period than in the comparison group (p < 0.001) (effectiveness was 77.7%), and among those who were vaccinated with non-conjugate polysaccharide vaccines it was 2.8 times lower (p < 0.001) (effectiveness was 64.3%).It was found that the use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in military teams formed a collective immunity that prevents the circulation of pneumococci and the development of diseases not only in vaccinated persons, but also in unvaccinated persons.Conclusion. Both types of pneumococcal vaccines β conjugate, first used in the military, and usually used non-conjugate polysaccharide vaccine, have shown high epidemiological effectiveness in the prevention of community-acquired pneumonia and can equally be recommended for vaccination of recruits a month before the call to military service and of young soldiers, not vaccinated before the call.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ²Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄, ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ 13-Π²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π²ΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ
Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ²Ρ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Ρ 2008 ΠΏΠΎ 2017 Π³. ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΠ¦Π Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ± ΠΌΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π·ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· Π·Π΅Π²Π° 694 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠΠ/Π ΠΠ 14 ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ 1727 ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ: ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π»Π΅Ρ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ²Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π² 2,7 ΡΠ°Π·Π°. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡΡΠΉ Π² 2017 Π³. ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ (25,7 β°) Π²ΡΠ΅ Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡ (5,3 β°) ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ (4,2 β°).ΠΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ²Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠ¦Π -Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ S. pneumoniae ΠΈ Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠ², Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π±ΡΠ» ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π² 56,3% ΠΈ 35,9% ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ± ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ. 56,1% ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ, Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ.Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π° 5-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π² 4,5 ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ (Ρ < 0,001) (ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» 77,7%), Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ β Π² 2,8 ΡΠ°Π·Π° ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ (Ρ < 0,001) (ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ β 64,3%). Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ
Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ
, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ
.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅: ΠΎΠ±Π° ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ β ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ, Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° β ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π·Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅Π², Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠ±Ρ
Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in conscripts in the modern period. Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccines
The purpose of the study is to analyze morbidity and to determine etiology of community-acquired pneumonia of conscripts, to examine the epidemiological effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate and non-conjugate polysaccharide vaccines for the prevention of community-acquired pneumonia in soldiers.Materials and methods. The incidence of communityacquired pneumonia of conscripts in the period from 2008 to 2017 was examined. PCR diagnosis of samples sputum and smears from the pharynx of 694 patients with pneumonia of conscripts was carried out to detect fragments of DNA/RNA of 14 different pathogens. Epidemiologic efficacy of conjugated and non-conjugated pneumococcal vaccine was studied in groups from a total population of 1727 soldiers.Results. It is established that over the past 8 years, the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia of military conscripts decreased by 2.7 times. However, the level of morbidity achieved in 2017 (25.7 β°) is still very high compared to the incidence of contract soldiers (5.3 β°) and the population (4.2 β°).When determining the etiology of pneumonias in military conscripts by means of PCR diagnosis, the prevalence of S. pneumoniae and adenoviruses was established, the genetic material of which was detected in 56.3% and 35.9% of the examined samples, respectively. 56.1% of pneumonia had mixed, mainly viral-bacterial etiology.Among those who were vaccinated with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia was 4.5 times lower in the 5 β month follow β up period than in the comparison group (p < 0.001) (effectiveness was 77.7%), and among those who were vaccinated with non-conjugate polysaccharide vaccines it was 2.8 times lower (p < 0.001) (effectiveness was 64.3%).It was found that the use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in military teams formed a collective immunity that prevents the circulation of pneumococci and the development of diseases not only in vaccinated persons, but also in unvaccinated persons.Conclusion. Both types of pneumococcal vaccines β conjugate, first used in the military, and usually used non-conjugate polysaccharide vaccine, have shown high epidemiological effectiveness in the prevention of community-acquired pneumonia and can equally be recommended for vaccination of recruits a month before the call to military service and of young soldiers, not vaccinated before the call
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³Π»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΒ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π±Π°Π· Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΠΠ (Π½Π°Β ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π‘Π¨Π, ΠΠΈΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΒ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ)
The study considers the history of establishment, current condition and perspective of the legislative regulation in establishing and functioning of national DNA database systems in some European and Asian countries. The authors study the peculiarities in establishing systems of DNA registration regarding a case study of Great Britain, China and the USA as the countries having a considerable experience in this field and the biggest national DNA databases. Thus, the main developmental characteristics in the forensic registration of these countries are identified. The aim of the study is to examine the theoretical aspects of the legislative regulation in establishing and functioning of national DNA database systems including the purposes to create the best model of the legislative regulation to meet the requirements of a modern society. The gaps in the state regulation of genomic registration are noted. It is determined that the existing laws and regulations in Russia do not completely satisfy the demands of the times for they considerably limit the sphere of application of DNA registration systems. As a result, the real potential of the DNA registration system in Russia is identified. Consequently, it will assist in establishment of a more effective model of DNA registration system taking into account the worldβs experience. Regulatory developments in legal activities as ways to improve legislative regulation of the genomic registration in Russia are set.ΠΒ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΒ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΒ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±Π°Π· Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΠΠ Π²Β ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΡ ΠΈΒ ΠΠ·ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠΠ-ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Β ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ Π²Β Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ, Π°Π΄ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²Β ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ Π±Π°Π·Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΠΠ,Β β ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π‘Π¨Π, ΠΠΈΡΠ°Ρ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Β ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Ρ
. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ
Π²Β ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³Π»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΒ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±Π°Π· Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΠΠ, Π²Β ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Π²Β ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΒ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π»Ρ Π²Β ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ,
ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΡ Π²Β Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅Β Π²Β ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΠΠ-ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΠΠ-ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Β Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΒ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ
Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°Β ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Β Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
Axial length and its associations in a Russian population: The Ural Eye and Medical Study.
PURPOSE:To assess the normal distribution of axial length and its associations in a population of Russia. METHODS:The population-based Ural Eye and Medical Study included 5,899 (80.5%) individuals out of 7328 eligible individuals aged 40+ years. The participants underwent an ocular and systemic examination. Axial length was measured sonographically (Ultra-compact A/B/P ultrasound system, Quantel Medical, Cournon d'Auvergne, France). RESULTS:Biometric data were available for 5707 (96.7%) individuals with a mean age of 58.8Β±10.6 years (range:40-94 years; 25%, 50%, 75% quartile: 51.0, 58.0, 66.0 years, respectively). Mean axial length was 23.30Β±1.10 mm (range: 19.02-32.87mm; 95% confidence interval (CI): 21.36-25.89; 25%, 50%, 75% quartile: 22.65mm, 23.23mm, 23.88mm, resp.). Prevalences of moderate myopia (axial length:24.5-26.5mm) were 555/5707 (8.7%;95%CI:9.0,10.5) and 78/5707 (1.4%;95%CI:1.1,1.7), respectively. Longer axial length (mean:23.30Β±1.10mm) was associated (correlation coefficient r2:0.70) with older age (P<0.001;standardized regression coefficient beta:0.14), taller body height (P<0.001;beta:0.07), higher level of education (P<0.001;beta:0.04), higher intraocular pressure (P<0.001;beta:0.03), more myopic spherical refractive error (P<0.001;beta:-0.55), lower corneal refractive power (P<0.001;beta:-0.44), deeper anterior chamber depth (P<0.001;beta:0.20), wider anterior chamber angle (P<0.001;beta:0.05), thinner peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (P<0.001;beta:-0.04), higher degree of macular fundus tessellation (P<0.001;beta:0.08), lower prevalence of epiretinal membranes (P = 0.01;beta-0.02) and pseudoexfoliation (P = 0.007;beta:-0.02) and higher prevalence of myopic maculopathy (P<0.001;beta:0.08). In that model, prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (any type: P = 0.84; early type: P = 0.46), diabetic retinopathy (P = 0.16), and region of habitation (P = 0.27) were not significantly associated with axial length. CONCLUSIONS:Mean axial length in this typically multi-ethnic Russian study population was comparable with values from populations in Singapore and Beijing. In contrast to previous studies, axial length was not significantly related with the prevalences of age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy or region of habitation
Prevalence, awareness and control of diabetes in Russia: The Ural Eye and Medical Study on adults aged 40+ years.
PurposeNon-communicable chronic diseases have become the leading causes of mortality and disease burden worldwide. With information about the frequency of diabetes as a major non-communicable chronic disease in Russia being scarce, we assessed the prevalence of diabetes and its associated factors in a rural and urban population in Russia.MethodsThe Ural Eye and Medical Study is a population-based study in the city of Ufa/Russia and in villages in a distance of 65 km from Ufa. Inclusion criterion was an age of 40+ years. All study participants underwent a standardized interview and a detailed general examination. Diabetes mellitus was defined by a plasma glucose concentration β₯7.0 mmol/L or self-reported history of physician diagnosis of diabetes.ResultsOut of a population of 7328 eligible individuals, 5899 individuals (2580 (43.7%) men) (participation rate:80.5%) participated (mean age:59.0Β±10.7 years (range:40-94 years)). Diabetes mellitus was present in 687 individuals (11.7%;95% confidence interval (CI):11.9,12.5). Awareness rate of having diabetes was 500/687 (72.8%;95%CI:69.0,76.0), with mean known duration of diabetes of 10.0Β±9.4 years. Known type 1 diabetes was present in 44 subjects and known type 2 diabetes in 358 subjects. Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was 3.2% (95%CI:2.7,3.6) in the study population. Among patients with diabetes, 59.1% (95%CI:55.4,62.8) received treatment for diabetes, among whom 237 (58.5%;95%CI:53.7,63.3) individuals had adequate glycemic control. In multivariable analysis, higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus was associated with older age (PConclusionsIn this ethnically mixed, urban and rural Russian population aged 40+ years, the awareness rate of diabetes (72.8%) was relatively high, while the diabetes prevalence (11.7%) was comparable with that of other countries such as China and the USA. Factors associated with higher diabetes prevalence were similar in Russia and these other countries and included older age, higher body mass index and higher serum concentration of triglycerides, lower prevalence of vigorous daily work, arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases