Technology development of obtaining essential fatty acids from hydrobionts hydrolyzates

Articleɷ-3, 6-fatty acids from hydrobiontsare a minor component in the nutrition of European countries population. This causes a number of diseases, such as cardiovascular ones, cancer etc. There is a task of concentrating these acids in oil due to the fact that to meet their daily needs it is problematic to use large quantities of fish oil-from 15 to 20 g. Particularly rich in ɷ-3, 6-acids are wastes from the cutting of hydrobionts, containing muscle tissue and skin. Protein hydrolysates were obtained from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss) and Atlantic herring (Clupeaharengus) wastes by the electrochemical method using electrolyzers of the original design which are allowed to be used in food industry. A technological scheme of separating of lipids from protein hydrolyzates has been developed and experimental batches of oil samples have been developed. To concentrate the fatty acids the cryoconcentration method was used. The phase transitions of the obtained lipids were studied after their cryoconcentration in the temperature range from + 15 °C to minus 40 °C in the environment of calcium chloride using a low-temperature refrigeration unit. To analyze phase transitions the plant was used, which is a container with a solution of calcium chloride cooled by a low-temperature refrigeration machine. The properties of 5 fractions of lipids formed at the time of lipid phase transitions have been identified and studied (the fractional composition, acid, iodine numbers, the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamin D3 and A). It was established that as cryoconcentration increases the concentration of PUFAs, reaching values close to 90%, which allows the resulting product to be attributed to biologically active food additives (BAA). By calculation, it was shown that to create functional food products on fish base from fish of the Gadidae family it is enough to inject 4 grams of BAA to 100 grams of the product. Organoleptic properties of food products from low-fat fish species were improved

Система автоматического адаптивного управления полнопоточной гидрообъемной трансмиссией для трехосного полноприводного автомобиля

The article presents the research results aimed at theoretical justification of requirements for automatic adaptive control systems (AACS) to be the basis of developed intelligent transmissions of multi-drive wheeled all-terrain vehicles.To conduct studies was used a specially developed mathematical model of motion of triaxial all-wheel drive vehicle “Gidrohod-49061”, equipped with CVT full flow hydrostatic transmission (HST) on a non-deformable support surface. This mathematical model is to simulate different operating conditions of the vehicle, which are a consequence both of disturbances from the road and of control actions from the driver and AACS.The article presents some results of theoretical and experimental studies to prove the adequacy of the developed mathematical model.The results analysis of mathematical modeling proved conclusively that one of the main tasks to be solved owing to developed AACS of intelligent transmission of multi-drive wheeled vehicle is to reduce the mismatch value in operation of drive wheels.It is shown that the reasons for these mismatches can be either AACS error when processing control signals or other factors that characterize operating conditions of the drive wheels. Therefore, the paper proposes to develop a tracking control system of HST of the considered vehicle using the output parameters characterizing operation conditions of its drive wheels rather than the values of control parameters of hydraulic working volumes. As output parameters, it is proposed to use the speed of the drive wheels (hydro-motor shafts) and pressure drop in the main pump hydraulic drives, coming to HST.Therefore it is proposed to develop HST AACS of the vehicle under consideration, as a system of two-level regulation, including the kinematic (main level) and power (level of correction) circuits. The former provides, at the first approximation, the required values of the drive wheel speeds in the given conditions, and the latter, within the dead zone of the former, seeks to provide the optimum torque distribution to the wheels in these conditions.В статье на основании результатов проведенного математического моделирования получено теоретическое обоснование требований к системе автоматического адаптивного управления (СААУ) полнопоточной гидрообъемной трансмиссией трехосного полноприводного автомобиля, даны рекомендации по ее структуре и сформулированы предлагаемые для использования в ней законы регулирования. Кроме этого приведены результаты апробации предложенных решений, полученные в результате проведенных численных экспериментов на разработанной математической модели объекта исследований в условиях прямолинейного его движения по недеформируемой опорной поверхности. DOI: 10.7463/aplts.0415.081226

Development of encapsulated extracts on the basis of meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) in the composition of functional foods with oncoprotective properties

ArticleMeadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) is a quite common plant throughout the European countries, including Russia. Therapeutic and prophylactic properties of the meadowsweet are mainly associated with the action of biologically active substances (BAS), in particularly tannins, phenolic compounds, phenolcarboxylic acids, catechins, flavonoids, essential oils etc. The main substances with proven clinical effects are salicylates and flavonoids, what allows to consider meadowsweet as an anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, nootropic, adaptogenic and antihypoxic agent. The aim of this study was to analyze the content of BAS in water and 70% ethyl alcohol extract of F. ulmaria flowers from different regions of Russia and develop their encapsulated forms for further use as an ingredient for functional food products. To increase the shelf life of meadowsweet extracts and create a stable form for their delivery to the human body with various food products, encapsulated forms of extracts in the form of microand nanosized capsules were developed. The method of encapsulation was carried out using a spray dryer. It was shown that encapsulated meadowsweet BAS can be added to a chicken pate without negative effect on the organoleptic properties of the finished product. The calculation of the cost of the meat product with the complex functional dry mixture showed a slight increase in the cost of the final product compared to the traditional analogue. This study shows that encapsulated meadowsweet BAS can be used for inclusion in various food products, to ensure the functional properties of food and optimize the population's rations

On Two Models of the Light Pulse Delay in a Saturable Absorber

A comparative analysis of two approaches to description of the light modulation pulse delay in a saturable absorber is presented. According to the simplest model, the delay of the optical pulse is a result of distortion of its shape due to absorption self-modulation in the nonlinear medium. The second model of the effect, proposed at the beginning of our century, connects the pulse delay with the so-called "slow light" resulting from the group velocity reduction under conditions of the coherent population oscillations. It is shown that all the known experimental data on the light pulse delay in saturable absorbers can be comprehensively described in the framework of the simplest model of saturable absorber and do not require invoking the effect of coherent population oscillations with spectral hole-burning and anomalous modifications of the light group velocity. It is concluded that the effect of group velocity reduction under conditions of coherent population oscillations has not received so far any experimental confirmation, and the assertions about real observation of the "slow light" based on this mechanism are groundless.Comment: Regretfully, the journal version of the paper (in Optics and Spectroscopy) appeared to be strongly corrupted due to ignorant editing. In particular, "coherent population oscillations" (CPO) was replaced by "population coherent oscillations" (PCO), "bleaching" - by "clearing", and "bleachable absorber " - by "clearable absorber". Here we present original version of the pape

Automatic Adaptive Control of Full-Flow Hydrostatic Transmission for Tri-axial All-Wheel Drive Vehicle

The article presents the research results aimed at theoretical justification of requirements for automatic adaptive control systems (AACS) to be the basis of developed intelligent transmissions of multi-drive wheeled all-terrain vehicles.To conduct studies was used a specially developed mathematical model of motion of triaxial all-wheel drive vehicle “Gidrohod-49061”, equipped with CVT full flow hydrostatic transmission (HST) on a non-deformable support surface. This mathematical model is to simulate different operating conditions of the vehicle, which are a consequence both of disturbances from the road and of control actions from the driver and AACS.The article presents some results of theoretical and experimental studies to prove the adequacy of the developed mathematical model.The results analysis of mathematical modeling proved conclusively that one of the main tasks to be solved owing to developed AACS of intelligent transmission of multi-drive wheeled vehicle is to reduce the mismatch value in operation of drive wheels.It is shown that the reasons for these mismatches can be either AACS error when processing control signals or other factors that characterize operating conditions of the drive wheels. Therefore, the paper proposes to develop a tracking control system of HST of the considered vehicle using the output parameters characterizing operation conditions of its drive wheels rather than the values of control parameters of hydraulic working volumes. As output parameters, it is proposed to use the speed of the drive wheels (hydro-motor shafts) and pressure drop in the main pump hydraulic drives, coming to HST.Therefore it is proposed to develop HST AACS of the vehicle under consideration, as a system of two-level regulation, including the kinematic (main level) and power (level of correction) circuits. The former provides, at the first approximation, the required values of the drive wheel speeds in the given conditions, and the latter, within the dead zone of the former, seeks to provide the optimum torque distribution to the wheels in these conditions

PALMAR FIBROMATOSIS OF DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS SURGICAL TREATMENT

A study was conducted of the results of endoscopic surgery for Dupuytren's disease in 14 patients in the period between 2005 and 2012. Dupuytren's disease in patients with diabetes differs from palmar fibromatosis patients without diabetes. Painful nodules and scar ray palmar fascia in Dupuytren's disease should be removed. We recommend endoscopic operation, allowing us to achieve a successful outcome in 79% of cases