First Release of Gauss-Legendre Sky Pixelization (GLESP) software package for CMB analysis

We report the release of the Gauss--Legendre Sky Pixelization (GLESP) software package version 1.0. In this report we present the main features and functions for processing and manipulation of sky signals. Features for CMB polarization is underway and to be incorporated in a future release. Interested readers can visit http://www.glesp.nbi.dk (www.glesp.nbi.dk) and register for receiving the package

Пищевой статус и структура потребления макронутриентов у больных туберкулезом с различной лекарственной устойчивостью возбудителя

The objective: to assess the nutritional status and actual nutrition of respiratory tuberculosis patients with various drug resistance patterns.Subjects and methods. The actual nutrition of tuberculosis patients was assessed using a standard questionnaire containing questions about the amount of food and meals consumed at home in the last 30 days preceding the survey. Assessment of anthropometric indicators and the survey were carried out by medical workers when the patients were admitted to hospital. Patients were enrolled from April to August 2018 out of 300 respiratory tuberculosis patients who had a positive result of a sputum test for M. tuberculosis. The multidrug resistant tuberculosis group consisted of 222 patients, while the group of those drug susceptible or having mono- or polyresistance included 78 patients.Results. It was found out that the home diet of patients with active respiratory tuberculosis was imbalanced in respect of basic nutrients and energy. The following was detected: lack of protein in the diet (including the one of animal origin) in 80.6 ± 2.3% with a depth of more than 55.7%; excess unbalanced fat consumption in 66.6 ± 2.7%; insufficient consumption of dietary fiber in 45.0 ± 2.8%. Multidrug resistant tuberculosis patients consumed more energy and macronutrients (proteins, fats, dietary fiber, animal protein, cholesterol, and fatty acids) both in absolute terms and relative to individual needs, but at the same time they had worse nutritional status indicators; 37,2% of them had malnutrition of the 1st to 3rd degree. At the same time, patients with multidrug resistant tuberculosis were significantly more often HIV-positive, they had disseminated and chronic tuberculosis, the treatment of which itself lead to a decrease in appetite, malnutrition, metabolic and digestion disorders.Цель исследования: оценка пищевого статуса и фактического питания больных туберкулезом органов дыхания с различной лекарственной устойчивостью возбудителя.Материалы и методы. Оценка фактического питания больных туберкулезом проводилась с использованием стандартного опросника, содержащего вопросы, характеризующие количество потребляемых пищевых продуктов и блюд в домашних условиях в течение последних 30 дней, предшествовавших опросу. Определение антропометрических показателей и опрос проводили медицинские работники в момент поступления пациентов в стационар. Выборка пациентов сформирована в период с апреля по август 2018 г. из 300 больных туберкулезом органов дыхания, выделявших M. tuberculosis. Группу туберкулеза с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью составили 222 больных, группу с сохраненной чувствительностью M. tuberculosis к противотуберкулезным препаратам, а также с моно/полирезистентностью ‒ 78 пациентов.Результаты. Установлено, что домашнее питание больных активным туберкулезом органов дыхания характеризовалось несбалансированностью основных пищевых веществ и энергии. Выявлены: недостаток белка в рационе (в том числе животного происхождения) ‒ у 80,6 ± 2,3% с глубиной более 55,7%; избыточное несбалансированное потребление жиров ‒ у 66,6 ± 2,7%; недостаточное потребление пищевых волокон ‒ у 45,0 ± 2,8%. Больные туберкулезом с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью потребляли больше энергии и макронутриентов (белков, жиров, пищевых волокон, животного белка, холестерина, жирных кислот) как в абсолютном выражении, так и относительно индивидуальной потребности, но вместе с тем имели худшие показатели пищевого статуса, 37,2% лиц имели недостаточность питания 1-3-й степени. При этом больные туберкулезом с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью значимо чаще имели ВИЧ-положительный статус, распространенный и хронический туберкулез, лечение которого само приводит к снижению аппетита, недоеданию, нарушению обмена и усвоения пищевых веществ.Авторы заявляют об отсутствии у них конфликта интересов

Peasant settlers and the ‘civilizing mission’ in Russian Turkestan, 1865-1917

This article provides an introduction to one of the lesser-known examples of European settler colonialism, the settlement of European (mainly Russian and Ukrainian) peasants in Southern Central Asia (Turkestan) in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It establishes the legal background and demographic impact of peasant settlement, and the role played by the state in organising and encouraging it. It explores official attitudes towards the settlers (which were often very negative), and their relations with the local Kazakh and Kyrgyz population. The article adopts a comparative framework, looking at Turkestan alongside Algeria and Southern Africa, and seeking to establish whether paradigms developed in the study of other settler societies (such as the ‘poor white’) are of any relevance in understanding Slavic peasant settlement in Turkestan. It concludes that there are many close parallels with European settlement in other regions with large indigenous populations, but that racial ideology played a much less important role in the Russian case compared to religious divisions and fears of cultural backsliding. This did not prevent relations between settlers and the ‘native’ population deteriorating markedly in the years before the First World War, resulting in large-scale rebellion in 1916

ECMO for COVID-19 patients in Europe and Israel

Since March 15th, 2020, 177 centres from Europe and Israel have joined the study, routinely reporting on the ECMO support they provide to COVID-19 patients. The mean annual number of cases treated with ECMO in the participating centres before the pandemic (2019) was 55. The number of COVID-19 patients has increased rapidly each week reaching 1531 treated patients as of September 14th. The greatest number of cases has been reported from France (n = 385), UK (n = 193), Germany (n = 176), Spain (n = 166), and Italy (n = 136) .The mean age of treated patients was 52.6 years (range 16–80), 79% were male. The ECMO configuration used was VV in 91% of cases, VA in 5% and other in 4%. The mean PaO2 before ECMO implantation was 65 mmHg. The mean duration of ECMO support thus far has been 18 days and the mean ICU length of stay of these patients was 33 days. As of the 14th September, overall 841 patients have been weaned from ECMO support, 601 died during ECMO support, 71 died after withdrawal of ECMO, 79 are still receiving ECMO support and for 10 patients status n.a. . Our preliminary data suggest that patients placed on ECMO with severe refractory respiratory or cardiac failure secondary to COVID-19 have a reasonable (55%) chance of survival. Further extensive data analysis is expected to provide invaluable information on the demographics, severity of illness, indications and different ECMO management strategies in these patients

Evaluation of informativity risk factors of breast cancer in the female population of the Omsk region: Bayesian approach

The paper shows the possibility of assessment of individual risk of developing breast cancer in women using an algorithm based on Bayes ' theorem. An epidemiological study (such as "case-control"), the prevalence of known risk factors for breast cancer in the female population of the Omsk region (n = 1002). The estimation of informativenes of risk factors for breast cancer signs and in terms of the likelihood ratio. Defined sensitivity and specificity of the proposed diagnostic test

Nutrition and Dietary Habits Associated with Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the Population of Omsk region: Case-Control Study

Relevance. Nutrition is the most important biological factor on which the functioning of the human body depends. The link between the development of colorectal cancer and nutrition and eating habits is well known: excessive consumption of red meat, fats, alcohol, lack of dietary fiber, obesity. Objective: To assess the prevalence and significance of factors related to nutrition and food habits in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the population of the Omsk region.Materials and methods. An epidemiological analytical study (case-control) was conducted, in which 609 people took part - residents of the Omsk Region aged 30 to 85 years (average age 51.2 years; 95% CI 48.1 – 54.3). The study examined 23 factors characterizing the diet and eating habits of study participants.Result and discussion. Of the 23 risk factors for CRC associated with nutrition and food habits, only six confirmed their importance to the residents of the Omsk region: a body mass index of more than 25, alcohol consumption more than twice a month with a predominance of strong, the frequency of red meat consumed more than 10 times a month, the amount of fresh fruit consumed is less than 100 grams at a time, the preference for fatty foods.Findings. The implementation of preventive measures, taking into account the prevalence of risk factors for CRC, including factors related to nutrition and eating habits, reduces the population and individual risk of this pathology in the population of the region, as well as health losses due to malignant neoplasms of the colon and colon