Students' performing of practical research tasks for their scientific qualification - an approach within the family practice internship in undergraduate education

Background: Future physicians should be educated in evidence-based medicine. So it is of growing importance for medical students to acquire both practical medical and basic research competencies. However, possibilities and concepts focusing on the acquisition of basic practical research competencies during undergraduate medical studies in Germany are rare. Therefore the aim of this article is to develop a didactic and methodological concept for research-based teaching and learning based on the initial results from the block placement in general practice.Methods: Connecting medical didactic approaches with classic educational control measures (knowledge, acceptance and transfer evaluation, process evaluation, and outcome evaluation).Results: We describe the steps for implementing a research task into the block placement in general practice. Also stressed is the need to develop didactic material and the introduction of structural changes. Furthermore, these steps are integrated with the individual educational control measures. A summary serves to illustrate the learning and teaching concept (Block Placement Plus).Conclusion: The conceptualisation of the Block Placement Plus leads to changes in the daily life routine of medical education during the undergraduate block placement in general practice. The concept can in principle be transferred to other courses. It may serve as an instrument for teachers within the framework of a longitudinal curriculum for the scientific qualification of medical students.Hintergrund: Zukünftige Ärzte sollen zu Evidenz-basierter Medizin (EbM) ausgebildet werden. Deswegen ist neben der Ausbildung von medizinischen Kompetenzen auch zunehmend eine wissenschaftliche Basisausbildung wichtig. Möglichkeiten und Konzepte, die auf die Entwicklung von Forschungskompetenzen und wissenschaftlicher Qualifizierung von Studierenden abzielen, sind jedoch bisher spärlich. Ziel des vorliegenden Artikels ist es, aus ersten Erfahrungen im Blockpraktikum Allgemeinmedizin ein didaktisch-methodologisches Konzept abzuleiten für forschungsorientiertes Lernen und Lehren.Methoden: Verknüpfung von Bausteinen medizin-didaktischer Methodologie mit jenen des klassischen Bildungscontrolling (Wissens-, Akzeptanz- und Transferevaluation, Prozessevaluation und Ergebnisevaluation).Ergebnisse: Vorgestellt werden die Schritte zur Implementierung einer Forschungsaufgabe in das Blockpraktikum. Gleichzeitig wird auf die Notwendigkeit der Entwicklung von lehrdidaktischem Material und der Einführung von strukturellen Veränderungen abgehoben. Des Weiteren findet die Verzahnung mit den einzelnen Bildungscontrolling-Schritten statt. Eine Übersicht dient der Veranschaulichung des Lehr- und Lernkonzepts (Blockpraktikum plus).Schlussfolgerung: Die Konzeptionalisierung des "Blockpraktikum plus" in Allgemeinmedizin stellt eine Veränderung des Lehr- und Lernalltags dar. Das Konzept ist prinzipiell übertragbar auf andere Lehrveranstaltungen und kann als Instrument für Lehrende im Rahmen einer longitudinalen Kompetenzvermittlung wissenschaftlicher Basisfertigkeiten eingesetzt werden

Treatment management during the adolescent transition period of girls and young women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKHS): a systematic literature review

Abstract Introduction In health services research, there is a special emphasis on the transition from adolescence into adulthood. During this transition period, adolescents change from pediatric to adult medical care. This process must be carefully structured, particularly when special medical care is required. Challenges and difficulties become apparent particularly in the case of rare diseases. This is increasingly so when the rare disease affects the adolescence-specific development of patients, such as Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKHS), also known as Müllerian agenesis. Methods A systematic literature review identified the care requirements of girls and young women with MRKHS, as well as studies of medical care during the adolescent transition period for various other diseases. This investigation was carried out in the years 2012 and 2013, and was updated in 2014/2015. In addition, the reference lists of the identified studies were reviewed. Results Nine publications on MRKHS and ten publications on the transition from adolescence to adulthood were included. Medical care requirements and measures were identified for the following areas: diagnosis during adolescence and organization of medical care, reactions to the diagnosis, functional infertility, psychological stress and threat to self-image, contact with others, and dealing with MRKHS coping strategies. Discussion There is still a great demand for research in the area of care during the transition period from adolescence into adulthood, particularly for rare diseases. The recommendations for treating MRKHS patients derived from the literature should be implemented and evaluated with regard to their effectiveness