62 research outputs found
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°, Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°Π΄ΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°
The aim of the work was to study the contrasts of the images of an object observed in a smoky environment, using polarizing filtering of radiation scattered by smoke particles towards the observer, and without filtering. Prospects for developing optical accessories for firefighters to improve the observation of objects in smoke were evaluated by comparing image contrasts.The goal was achieved by experimentally simulating the process of transmitting images of a blackandwhite object with a sharp black/white transition boundary through various types of smoke aerosols using polarizing filtering of radiation scattered by smoke particles, and without filtering and evaluating image contrasts.Studies of image contrasts for different optical densities of smoke in two registration schemes were performed, when the receiving optical system is located near the illumination source of the object at a distance of β 150 mm from it, and when it is located at a distance from the illumination source of the object at a distance of β 800 mm.It is established that the method of forming the image of the object using polarization filtering of radiation backscattering (RBS) reduces the rate of image contrast reduction with an increase in optical smoke density compared to image registration without filtering (RBS).A significant difference in the contrasts of images recorded with filtration (RBS) and in the absence of it is observed for "light" fumes (smoldering of wood, cotton) at average optical densities of smoke.The results obtained can be used in the development of optical accessories for firefighter-rescuer to improve the conditions of observation of objects in adverse conditions of vision: smoke, vaporization, fog.Β Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°, Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² Π·Π°Π΄ΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅, Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ° Π² ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π΄ΡΠΌΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅.ΠΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅β/βΠ±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ° Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°, ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ.ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄ΡΠΌΠΎΠ² Π² Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π²Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ β 150 ΠΌΠΌ ΠΎΡ Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ, ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ β 800 ΠΌΠΌ.Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ± ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ (ΠΠΠ ) ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠ . Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΡΠ° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΠ ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Β«ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΡΡ
Β» Π΄ΡΠΌΠΎΠ² (ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
Π»ΠΎΠΏΠΊΠ°) Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ
Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°.ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ΡΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π½Π΅Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ: Π·Π°Π΄ΡΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΠΌΠ°Π½Π΅.
ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ
Evaluation of the effectiveness of fire extinguishing by jet systems of powder fire extinguishing in conditions of non-stationary heat exchange processes and heterogeneous inhibition of active flame centers by powder particles was the aim of the work. The theoretical dependence of the amount of heat, absorbed by the particles of fire extinguishing powder, and the reaction rate of heterogeneous active centers of flame, inhibiting them, in non-stationary conditions of heat transfer, as well as inhibition reaction for fire extinguishing ink jet systems were obtained. The extinguishing of a flame with a fire extinguishing powder under non-stationary conditions is more effective, the smaller is the effective size of the powder particles, the longer is their stay in the combustion zone, and the shorter are the characteristic times of heat transfer and inhibition reaction. Comparison of the estimates of the characteristic duration of heat transfer and inhibition reaction for widely used fire extinguishing powders has shown a large inertia of the thermal mechanism of fire extinguishing, which greatly reduces its effectiveness at high speeds of powder particles in the combustion zone.ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π² Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π΅Π΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. Π‘ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° Π1 ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°
The aim of the paper was to develop a model of thermal extinguishing mechanism using dry chemical powder taking into account the inertia of heat transfer to powder particles during unsteady heat exchange to identify the optimal conditions for extinguishing of A1 class fires with powders.The method of experimental and mathematical modelling of fire extinguishing process using dry chemical powder with short-term effect on the fire was used to achieve the goal. The experimental dependences of the extinguishing time and unit consumption of the extinguishing powder on the intensity of the powder supply to the combustion zone in extinguishing of subclass A1 fire in same area and in a limited volume were obtained. The mathematical model of a thermal extinguishing mechanism using dry chemical powder has been developed, taking into account the inertia of heat transfer to powder particles during unsteady heat exchange.Analysis of the regularities of extinguishing the subclass A1 fire using powder with a short feeding it into the fire indicates the presence of optimum values of unity consumption of powder on the fire from the intensity of feeding it into the fire. The presence of this optimum is due to the inertia of extinguishing the subclass A1 fire using powder due to the finiteness of the heat transfer time to the particles of the extinguishing powder and the limited time of interaction of particles with the combustible material.The theoretical analysis of the fire extinguishing process over the area taking into account the inertia of heat transfer to the powder particles at non-stationary heat exchange are carried out. The results of the analysis are in qualitative agreement with the results of the experimental study of the regularities of extinguishing of model fire foci of subclass A1 with General-purpose fire extinguishing powder.Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° Π1.ΠΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° Π1 ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° Π1 Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π² ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΌΠ΅.ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° Π1 ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠ° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° Π1 ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π°, Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ.ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡΠ½ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° Π1 ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
The relevance of the work is due to the need to improve the technology of extinguishing fire with extinguishing powders based on the study of the laws of the physicochemical processes of interrupting chain combustion reactions, in particular, heterogeneous and homogeneous mechanisms of inhibition of active flame centers by powder particles. The aim of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness of non-stationary mechanisms of heterogeneous and homogeneous inhibition of active flame particles by fire extinguishing powder particles taking into account the rate of their birth, as well as to compare the contributions of each of the mechanisms to the result of fire extinguishing. Mathematical modeling of the mechanisms of heterogeneous and homogeneous inhibition of active flame particles by fire extinguishing powder particles is carried out, taking into account the rate of birth of active particles of in flame. The theoretical dependences of the rates of reactions of heterogeneous and homogeneous inhibition of active flame particles on the dispersed characteristics of powder particles, their residence time in the zone of flame and the characteristic durations of inhibition reactions are obtained. It is established that the condition for the effective recovery inhibition of active particles of flame by the mechanisms under consideration is exceeding the time of interaction of powder particles with active flame particles over the duration of inhibition processes, as well as an excess of the rate of inhibition of active flame particles over the rate of their birth. The rate of inhibition of active particles of flame depends on the particle size of the extinguishing powder, namely, the smaller the particle size of the powder, the greater the rate of inhibition. This dependence is observed explicitly for the mechanism of heterogeneous inhibition of active particles of flame and implicitly for the mechanism of homogeneous inhibition through the dependence of the rate of thermal production of metal oxide radicals of the extinguishing powder involved in this process on the size of the powder particles. The presence of two stages in the implementation of the mechanism of homogeneous inhibition of active flame particles (thermal production of metal oxide radicals of the powder substances used and the inhibition process itself) allows us to consider this mechanism of extraction of active particles longer than the mechanism of heterogeneous reduction, and, therefore, it does not significantly contribute to the chemical process of extinguishing a fire.ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°, Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°: ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π² Π½Π΅ΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°, ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅, ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ (ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ) ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π½Π΅ Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° Π² Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ°. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ°
ΠΠΠ£Π₯ΠΠΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠ«Π ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠ«ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ©ΠΠ’ΠΠΠ¬
The optical scheme of smoke fire detector based on the laser source and which allows to realize method used in linear smoke detectors along with the traditional fire detection method for point smoke fire detectors (after intensity level of emission scattered by particles of smoke) is offered. Monitoring of the environment state by two independent channels increases the sensitivity of the detector and fire detection reliability. The conditions which provide high sensitivity of Β«linearΒ» channel of smoke detection with low optical base were found. Model experiments to detect the smoke by experimental model of developed optical scheme of smoke fire detector are conducted.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π΄ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ° (ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°) ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ Π² Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
. ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½Π³ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π²ΡΠΌ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Β«Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ» ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π° ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°Π·Π΅. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ Π΄ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ
ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°
The relevance of the work is due to the lack of a physical interpretation of the process of extinguishing jet burning systems with fire extinguishing powders, which is important for ensuring effective fire extinguishing at gas and oil complexes and hazardous chemical industries. A mathematical model of the reaction kinetics of heterogeneous inhibition of active flame centers of a jet burning system by fire extinguishing powder particles in an unsteady mode is considered in the approximation of a purely molecular transfer of matter in the reaction zone. The regularities of the mechanism of heterogeneous inhibition of the active flame centers by the particles of the extinguishing powder under conditions when the active particles of the combustion products participate not only in diffuse, but also in convective transport are established. It is shown, that the convective motion of the active flame centers increases the reaction rate of heterogeneous inhibition of their particles of the extinguishing agent. The results obtained allow us to optimize the conditions for the supply of fire extinguishing powder to the jet burning medium for effective flame suppression.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π² Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ° Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ³Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ
Transition from fractal to non-fractal scalings in growing scale-free networks
Real networks can be classified into two categories: fractal networks and
non-fractal networks. Here we introduce a unifying model for the two types of
networks. Our model network is governed by a parameter . We obtain the
topological properties of the network including the degree distribution,
average path length, diameter, fractal dimensions, and betweenness centrality
distribution, which are controlled by parameter . Interestingly, we show
that by adjusting , the networks undergo a transition from fractal to
non-fractal scalings, and exhibit a crossover from `large' to small worlds at
the same time. Our research may shed some light on understanding the evolution
and relationships of fractal and non-fractal networks.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, definitive version accepted for publication in
EPJ
Network centrality: an introduction
Centrality is a key property of complex networks that influences the behavior
of dynamical processes, like synchronization and epidemic spreading, and can
bring important information about the organization of complex systems, like our
brain and society. There are many metrics to quantify the node centrality in
networks. Here, we review the main centrality measures and discuss their main
features and limitations. The influence of network centrality on epidemic
spreading and synchronization is also pointed out in this chapter. Moreover, we
present the application of centrality measures to understand the function of
complex systems, including biological and cortical networks. Finally, we
discuss some perspectives and challenges to generalize centrality measures for
multilayer and temporal networks.Comment: Book Chapter in "From nonlinear dynamics to complex systems: A
Mathematical modeling approach" by Springe
Scale-free models for the structure of business firm networks
We study firm collaborations in the life sciences and the information and communication technology sectors. We propose an approach to characterize industrial leadership using k-shell decomposition, with top-ranking firms in terms of market value in higher k-shell layers. We find that the life sciences industry network consists of three distinct components: a βnucleus,β which is a small well-connected subgraph, βtendrils,β which are small subgraphs consisting of small degree nodes connected exclusively to the nucleus, and a βbulk body,β which consists of the majority of nodes. Industrial leaders, i.e., the largest companies in terms of market value, are in the highest k-shells of both networks. The nucleus of the life sciences sector is very stable: once a firm enters the nucleus, it is likely to stay there for a long time. At the same time we do not observe the above three components in the information and communication technology sector. We also conduct a systematic study of these three components in random scale-free networks. Our results suggest that the sizes of the nucleus and the tendrils in scale-free networks decrease as the exponent of the power-law degree distribution Ξ» increases, and disappear for Ξ»β₯3. We compare the k-shell structure of random scale-free model networks with two real-world business firm networks in the life sciences and in the information and communication technology sectors. We argue that the observed behavior of the k-shell structure in the two industries is consistent with the coexistence of both preferential and random agreements in the evolution of industrial networks
ΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π Π£ΠΠ¦ΠΠ― Π ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ’Π Π ΠΠΠΠ’Π« ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ©ΠΠ’ΠΠΠ―
The point optical smoke detector is currently the most effective means of fire detection at the early stage of its occurrence. The urgent task for this type of detector is to increase its sensitivity to Β«blackΒ» smoke and ensure resilience to the effects of electromagnetic interference and particle smoke origin.The objective of this work is to develop a structure and algorithm of point combined fire detector that provides high sensitivity to various types of fumes, detection rate and high noise immunity.Β The decision of the current objective is carried out using the proposed optical scheme of the dual-channel devices of smoke detection (for control of the radiation intensities scattered by smoke particles and passed through the smoke).The design and algorithm of the combined fire detector comprising a dual-channel laser device of smoke detection and carbon monoxide detector is developed.The results of the made detector tests indicate about its increased in comparison with the conventional single-channel point smoke fire detector sensitivity to various types of fumes and detection rate of fires. The high functional characteristics of the detector are provided with application additional channel of smoke detection (to intensity change of transmitted radiation through it) created by the requirements for unrestricted entry of smoke in the area of control and effective algorithm for processing of recorded signals.Β Π’ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Β«ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΒ» Π΄ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌ Π΄ΡΠΌΠΎΠ², ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ.Π Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ° (ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π΄ΡΠΌ).Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ³Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π·Π°.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌ Π΄ΡΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π° ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΡΠΌΠ° (ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ), ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄ΡΠΌΠ° Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ².
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