Role of fatty acid transporters in epidermis: Implications for health and disease

Skin epidermis is an active site of lipid synthesis. The intercellular lipids of human stratum corneum (SC) are unique in composition and quite different from the lipids found in most biological membranes. The three major lipids in the SC are free fatty acids, cholesterol and ceramides. Fatty acids can be synthesized by keratinocytes de novo and, in addition, need to be taken up from the circulation. The latter process has been shown to be protein mediated, and several fatty acid transporters are expressed in skin. Recent studies of transgenic and knockout animal models for fatty acid transporters and the identification of fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4 or SLC27A4) mutations as causative for Ichthyosis Prematurity Syndrome highlight the vital roles of fatty acid transport and metabolism in skin homeostasis. This review provides an overview of our current understanding of the role of fatty acids and their transporters in cutaneous biology, including their involvement in epidermal barrier generation and skin inflammation

SPIDERS (ARANEI) OF VOLGOGRAD SITY AND ITS ENVIRONS

Abstract. Aim. Fauna of spiders of Volgograd Region is researched uncompletely. Only 149 species of 19 families were listed in previous references. Complete listing of spiders of this large region was the aim of our investigation.Location. Volgograd Region, Russia.Methods. Material was collected in Volgograd City with environs and Volga-Don area in 2009–2013. Areas with minimum of anthropogenic influence within the city, artificial ecosystem of park type, plots of native vegetation along the Varvarovskoe water reservoir and natural steppe on banks of Don River were investigated. The main method of spiders’ collection were pitfall traps, which exposed from April to October.Results and main conclusions. As a result 235 species of spiders from 26 families (including 195 species from 23 families within the city) were found. One hundred fifty five species are new for Volgograd Region. Spiders of families Atypidae, Corinnidae, Dysderidae, Eresidae, Liocranidae, Sparassidae, Zodariidae were not found in Volgograd Region earier. Trichoncus villius Tanasevitch et Piterkina, 2007 is the first record for Russia. Totally 304 species of spiders are known from Volgograd Region after our study including literature data. New data about fauna of spiders with summarized check-list are very significant for future faunistic and biogeographic investigations. Study of river islands with minimum anthropogenic influence inside Volgograd City allow to develop measures for biodiversity conservation

Determination of the range of the spacecraft

Текст статьи не публикуется в открытом доступе в соответствии с политикой журнала.As a result of the gravitational attraction of the Sun/Moon/Earth, the pressure of solar radiation and other factors, the spacecraft located in the geostationary orbit deviates from the real orbit. The position of the spacecraft is regulated by a short pulse switching by correcting engines. This requires highly accurate measurement of the range to a spacecraft located in a geostationary orbit. The article describes a method for measuring the range not only by rangefinder, but also by command signals of the tracking, telemetry and command subsystem of a spacecraft, which allows for continuous measurement. Due to the fact that the reserves for improving the accuracy of measuring the range of a spacecraft, with known limitations as part of a single ground station, are almost exhausted, one of the perspective ways to solve this problem has been proposed. It consists of using several satellite earth stations, which are stationary located at various known locations on the Earth's surface and which receive any signal transmitted by a spacecraft located in a geostationary orbit. This method eliminates the using of special ranging signals and antennas of large diameter. For highprecision range measurement, synchronization of generators of a satellite earth stations by time signals transmitted by GLONASS or GPS navigation satellites is required. In addition, the using of various types of signals for determining the range, when measuring the delay time or phase difference, is considered. Relevant conclusions are made

Reconfigurable Parralel Multiple in the Galois Fields in Combination Logic

Рассмотрено понятие «умножитель» в конечных полях Галуа, имеющих широкое применение в криптографии и помехоустойчивом кодировании. Проанализирована архитектура параллельного умножителя над полями Галуа. Проведено построение реконфигурируемого умножителя. Показано, что применение данного типа умножителя позволит значительно сократить число применяемых логических вентилейThe concept of “multiplier” in Galois fields, which are widely used in cryptography and noiseresistant coding, is considered. The architecture of a parallel multiplier for the Galois fields is analyzed. Reconfigurable multiplier is constructed. It is shown that the use of this type of multiplier will significantly reduce the number of logic gate

Bioactive natural products and biomaterials from marine invertebrates: from basic research to innovative applications

Aquatic invertebrates are a major source of biomaterials and bioactive natural products that can find applications as pharmaceutics, nutraceutics, cosmetics, antibiotics, antifouling products and biomaterials. Symbiotic microorganisms are often the real producers of many secondary metabolites initially isolated from marine invertebrates; however, a certain number of them are actually synthesized by the macro-organisms. In this review, we analysed the literature of the years 2010–2019 on natural products (bioactive molecules and biomaterials) from the main phyla of marine invertebrates explored so far, including sponges, cnidarians, molluscs, echinoderms and ascidians, and present relevant examples of natural products of interest to public and private stakeholders. We also describe omics tools that have been more relevant in identifying and understanding mechanisms and processes underlying the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in marine invertebrates. Since there is increasing attention on finding new solutions for a sustainable large-scale supply of bioactive compounds, we propose that a possible improvement in the biodiscovery pipeline might also come from the study and utilization of aquatic invertebrate stem cells