Venn diagram showing the genes involved across different tissues and time points in the enriched KEGG pathways.

<p>Venn diagram showing the genes involved across different tissues and time points in the enriched KEGG pathways.</p

Workflow of the experiment.

<p>Workflow of the experiment.</p

Quantitative real-time PCR to validate the RNA-seq experiment.

<p>Log₂ fold change is plotted with the standard error of difference.</p

Genome wide host gene expression analysis in mice experimentally infected with <i>Pasteurella multocida</i>

<div><p><i>Pasteurella multocida</i> causes acute septicemic and respiratory diseases, including haemorrhagic septicaemia, in cattle and buffalo with case fatality of 100%. In the present study, mice were infected with <i>P</i>. <i>multocida</i> (1.6 × 10³ cfu, intraperitoneal) to evaluate host gene expression profile at early and late stages of infection using high throughput microarray transcriptome analyses. Several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at both the time points were identified in <i>P</i>.<i>multocida</i> infected spleen, liver and lungs. Functional annotation of these DEGs showed enrichment of key pathways such as TLR, NF-κB, MAPK, TNF, JAK-STAT and NOD like receptor signaling pathways. Several DEGs overlapped across different KEGG pathways indicating a crosstalk between them. The predicted protein—protein interaction among these DEGs suggested, that the recognition of <i>P</i>. <i>multocida</i> LPS or outer membrane components by TLR4 and CD14, results in intracellular signaling via MyD88, IRAKs and/or TRAF6 leading to activation of NFκB and MAPK pathways and associated cytokines.</p></div

Protein–protein interaction network for differentially expressed genes involved in KEGG pathways in spleen, liver and lung at late stage of infection.

<p>All the upregulated genes are shown in green, and downregulated genes in red, with the gradient showing the extent of expression. The diameter of the node represents the connectivity/degree of the node among the DE genes.</p

Level of TNF and IL-6 in spleen and lung by ELISA.

<p>Concentration (ng/ml) of TNF and IL6 was plotted against the control, early infection and late infection in spleen and lung. Significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) was calculated using Tukey’s HSD in JMP 12.0 (n = 3). Levels not connected by same letter are significantly different.</p