Social adaptation of children without parental care

The article presents an analysis of the specificity of children without parental care, as a special category of minors. Сertain particularities in social adaptation of given category of non-adults are observed.В статье представлен анализ специфики детей, оставшихся без попечения родителей, как особой категории несовершеннолетних. Проанализированы особенности социальной адаптации данной категории

Modern genetic and immunological aspects of the pathogenesis of impaired consolidation of fractures (literature review)

The aim of this article is to analyze the genetic and immunological mechanisms of the development of fracture consolidation disorders at the present scientific stage.Materials and methods. The search for literary sources was carried out in the open electronic databases of scientific literature PubMed and eLIBRARY. Search depth – 10 years.Results. The review analyzes the literature data on the current state of the study of the molecular genetic mechanisms of reparative regeneration including the development of fracture consolidation disorders. The mechanisms of the most important links of pathogenesis which most often lead to various violations of the processes of bone tissue repair are considered.Conclusion. The process of bone tissue repair is multifaceted, and many factors are involved in its implementation, however, we would like to note that the leading role in the course of reparative regeneration is played by a personalized genetically programmed response to this pathological condition. Nevertheless, despite the undeniable progress of modern medicine in studying the processes of bone recovery after a fracture, there are still many “white” spots in this issue, which dictates the need for further comprehensive study in order to effectively treat patients with impaired consolidation

Measuring ionizing radiation in the atmosphere with a new balloon-borne detector

Increasing interest in energetic particle effects on weather and climate has motivated development of a miniature scintillator-based detector intended for deployment on meteorological radiosondes or unmanned airborne vehicles. The detector was calibrated with laboratory gamma sources up to 1.3 MeV, and known gamma peaks from natural radioactivity of up to 2.6 MeV. The specifications of our device in combination with the performance of similar devices suggest that it will respond to up to 17 MeV gamma rays. Laboratory tests show the detector can measure muons at the surface, and it is also expected to respond to other ionizing radiation including, for example, protons, electrons (>100 keV) and energetic helium nuclei from cosmic rays or during space weather events. Its estimated counting error is ±10%. Recent tests, when the detector was integrated with a meteorological radiosonde system, and carried on a balloon to ~25 km altitude, identified the transition region between energetic particles near the surface, which are dominated by terrestrial gamma emissions, to higher-energy particles in the free troposphere

Tumor tissue-specific biomarkers of colorectal cancer by anatomic location and stage

The progress in the discovery and validation of metabolite biomarkers for the detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been hampered by the lack of reproducibility between study cohorts. The majority of discovery-phase biomarker studies have used patient blood samples to identify disease-related metabolites, but this pre-validation phase is confounded by non-specific disease influences on the metabolome. We therefore propose that metabolite biomarker discovery would have greater success and higher reproducibility for CRC if the discovery phase was conducted in tumor tissues, to find metabolites that have higher specificity to the metabolic consequences of the disease, that are then validated in blood samples. This would thereby eliminate any non-tumor and/or body response effects to the disease. In this study, we performed comprehensive untargeted metabolomics analyses on normal (adjacent) colon and tumor tissues from CRC patients, revealing tumor tissue-specific biomarkers (n = 39/group). We identified 28 highly discriminatory tumor tissue metabolite biomarkers of CRC by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and univariate analyses (VIP > 1.5, p 0.96, using various models. We further identified five biomarkers that were specific to the anatomic location of tumors in the colon (n = 236). The combination of these five metabolites (S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, formylmethionine, fucose 1-phosphate, lactate, and phenylalanine) demonstrated high differentiative capability for left- and right-sided colon cancers at stage I by internal cross-validation (AUC = 0.804, 95% confidence interval, CI 0.670–0.940). This study thus revealed nine discriminatory biomarkers of CRC that are now poised for external validation in a future independent cohort of samples. We also discovered a discrete metabolic signature to determine the anatomic location of the tumor at the earliest stage, thus potentially providing clinicians a means to identify individuals that could be triaged for additional screening regimens