Accelerating Progress: An Empowered, Inclusive and Equal Asia and the Pacific

Empowering people, ensuring inclusiveness and equality is fundamental to realizing sustainable development. What change is needed to strengthen empowerment and promote inclusion and equality of all people within our efforts to implement the 2030 Agenda, including its central aspiration to leave no one behind? This report helps to answer that question by proposing a framework of four synergistic elements that can promote these intertwined objectives. It applies the framework to three important policymaking spheres in Asia and the Pacific that will likely define the region’s success in achieving the 2030 Agenda – climate action, domestic resource mobilization, civic participation – and also takes a look at violence against women and girls

Identification and prioritization of critical success factors in faith-based and non-faith-based organizations’ humanitarian supply chain

In the last few decades, an exponential increase in the number of disasters, and their complexity has been reported, which ultimately put much pressure on relief organizations. These organizations cannot usually respond to the disaster on their own, and therefore, all actors involved in relief efforts should have end-to-end synchronization in order to provide relief effectively and efficiently. Consequently, to smoothen the flow of relief operation, a shared understanding of critical success factors in humanitarian supply chain serves as a pre-requisite for successful relief operation. Therefore, any member of the humanitarian supply chain might disrupt this synchronization by neglecting one or several of these critical success factors. However, in this study, we try to investigate how faith-based and non-faith-based relief organizations treat these critical success factors. Moreover, we also try to identify any differences between Islamic and Christian relief organizations in identifying and prioritizing these factors. To achieve the objective of this study, we used a two-stage approach; in the first stage, we collected the critical success factors from existing humanitarian literature. Whereas, in the second stage, using an online questionnaire, we collected data on the importance of selected factors from humanitarian relief organizations from around the world in collaboration with World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations (WANGO). Later, responses were analyzed to answer the research questions using non-parametric Binomial and Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests. Test results indicate that for RQ1, two but all factors are significant for successful relief operation. For RQ2, we found significant differences for some CSF among faith-based and non-faith-based relief organizations. Similarly for RQ3, we found significant differences for some CSF among Islamic and Christian relief organizations

Detecting and Updating Changes in Lidar Point Clouds for Automatic 3D Urban Cartography

This work presents a method that automatically detects, analyses and then updates changes in LiDAR point clouds for accurate 3D urban cartography. In the proposed method, the 3D point cloud obtained in each passage is first classified into 2 main object classes: Permanent and Temporary. The Temporary objects are then removed from the 3D point cloud to leave behind a perforated 3D point cloud of the urban scene. These perforated 3D point clouds obtained from different passages (in the same place) at different days and times are then matched together to complete the 3D urban landscape by incremental updating. Different natural or man-made changes occurring in the urban landscape over this period of time are detected and analyzed using cognitive functions of similarity and the resulting 3D cartography is progressively modified and updated accordingly. The results, evaluated on real data using different standard evaluation metrics, not only demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method but also shows that this method is easily applicable and well scalable, making it suitable for handling large urban scenes

DETECTING AND ANALYZING CORROSION SPOTS ON THE HULL OF LARGE MARINE VESSELS USING COLORED 3D LIDAR POINT CLOUDS

This work presents a new method that automatically detects and analyzes surface defects such as corrosion spots of different shapes and sizes, on large ship hulls. In the proposed method several scans from different positions and viewing angles around the ship are registered together to form a complete 3D point cloud. The R, G, B values associated with each scan, obtained with the help of an integrated camera are converted into HSV space to separate out the illumination invariant color component from the intensity. Using this color component, different surface defects such as corrosion spots of different shapes and sizes are automatically detected, within a selected zone, using two different methods depending upon the level of corrosion/defects. The first method relies on a histogram based distribution whereas the second on adaptive thresholds. The detected corrosion spots are then analyzed and quantified to help better plan and estimate the cost of repair and maintenance. Results are evaluated on real data using different standard evaluation metrics to demonstrate the efficacy as well as the technical strength of the proposed method

Medication-Induced Hyperlactatemia and Lactic Acidosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Hyperlactatemia and lactic acidosis are two syndromes that are associated with morbidity and mortality. Medication-induced hyperlactatemia and lactic acidosis are diagnoses of exclusion and have the potential to be overlooked. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify published reports of medication-induced lactate level elevations to aid clinicians in diagnosing and comprehending the underlying mechanism of this rare adverse drug effect, and to provide management strategies. The PubMed database was searched for case reports, case series, retrospective studies, and prospective studies describing cases of medication-induced lactate level elevation, including lactic acidosis and hyperlactatemia, published between January 1950 and June 2017. A standardized search strategy was used, and the articles identified underwent two rounds of independent evaluation by two reviewers to assess for inclusion. Articles were included if they described at least one patient older than 12 years of age with hyperlactatemia or lactic acidosis caused by a medication with United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval and if alternative etiologies for an elevated lactate level were ruled out. Metformin and nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors were excluded since the pathophysiology and incidence of lactic acidosis have been well established for these agents. Overall, 1918 articles were identified, and 101 met inclusion criteria. A total of 286 patients experienced medication-induced lactate level elevations, from which 59 unique medications were identified. The most commonly identified agents were epinephrine and albuterol. Medication-induced lactate level elevation was classified as lactic acidosis (64.0%), hyperlactatemia (31.1%), or not specified (4.9%). The doses ingested included FDA-labeled doses (86%), intentional overdoses (10.8%), or prescribed doses exceeding the FDA-labeled dose (3.1%). Medications were continued without a change (40.8%), were permanently discontinued (34.4%), were continued with a dosage reduction (11.6%), or were initially withheld then resumed after lactate level normalized (2.9%); medication management for the remaining 10.0% was not reported. Forty-six patients died (16%). Six deaths were attributed by treating clinicians to be secondary to medication-induced lactic acidosis. Management strategies were heterogeneous, and treatment included supportive care, exogenous bicarbonate therapy, medication specific antidotes, and decontamination strategies. Unexplained lactate level elevations should prompt clinicians to assess for medication-induced lactate level elevations. Pharmacists are members of the health care team that are well positioned to serve as experts in the diagnosis and management of medication-induced lactate level elevations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved