The ππ\pi\pi Final State Interaction in K→ππK\to\pi\pi, pp→ppππpp\to pp\pi\pi and Related Processes

Final state interactions in the $S$--wave $\pi\pi$ system (I=0,2) are re-examined on the basis of the Omn\`es-Mus\-khe\-li\-shvili equation and the coupled channel formalism. The contributions to the pion scalar form factor from $\rho$ and $f_2(1270)$ exchange in the $t$--channel and from the $f_0(980)$ $s$--channel resonance are separately evaluated and the role of the nontrivial polynomial in the Omn\`es function in a coupled channel situation is elucidated. Applications are made to $K\to \pi\pi$ and $pp\to pp\pi\pi$. It is found that the contribution from the $f_0$ resonance to the form-factor is strongly reduced by a nearby zero.Comment: PACS numbers: 13.75.Lb, 13.25.Es, 13.25.+m, 15 pages in plain latex with epsf.sty, 10 figure

Principal Elements of the Ottoman State-Formation Process through an Eliasian Perspective

WOS: 00034314080000

Shari‘a Courts in the Ottoman Empire Before the Tanzimat

International audienceThis article describes the history, features and functions of the Islamic law courts in the Ottoman Empire before the Tanzimat era. After briefly surveying of the roots of this institution in pre-Ottoman settings, the article focusses on how Ottoman administrators and juridical experts built on this legacy. Later, the article discusses the modern scholarly literature on the court in a way to reflect on its prevalent tendencies