Entanglement of macroscopically distinct states of light

Schr\"odinger's famous Gedankenexperiment has inspired multiple generations of physicists to think about apparent paradoxes that arise when the logic of quantum physics is applied to macroscopic objects. The development of quantum technologies enabled us to produce physical analogues of Schr\"odinger's cats, such as superpositions of macroscopically distinct states as well as entangled states of microscopic and macroscopic entities. Here we take one step further and prepare an optical state which, in Schr\"odinger's language, is equivalent to a superposition of two cats, one of which is dead and the other alive, but it is not known in which state each individual cat is. Specifically, the alive and dead states are, respectively, the displaced single photon and displaced vacuum (coherent state), with the magnitude of displacement being on a scale of $10^8$ photons. These two states have significantly different photon statistics and are therefore macroscopically distinguishable

Loss-tolerant quantum enhanced metrology and state engineering via the reverse Hong-Ou-Mandel effect

Preparing highly entangled quantum states between remote parties is a major challenge for quantum communications [1-8]. Particularly promising in this context are the N00N states, which are entangled N-photon wavepackets delocalized between two different locations, providing measurement sensitivity limited only by the uncertainty principle [1, 10-15]. However, these states are notoriously vulnerable to losses, making it difficult both to share them between remote locations, and to recombine them to exploit interference effects. Here we address this challenge by utilizing the reverse version of the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect [16] to prepare a high-fidelity two-photon N00N state shared between two parties connected by a lossy optical channel. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the enhanced phase sensitivity can be directly exploited in the two distant locations, and we remotely prepare superpositions of coherent states, known as Schr\"odinger's cat states" [17, 18]

Entangled resource for interfacing single- and dual-rail optical qubits

Today's most widely used method of encoding quantum information in optical qubits is the dual-rail basis, often carried out through the polarisation of a single photon. On the other hand, many stationary carriers of quantum information - such as atoms - couple to light via the single-rail encoding in which the qubit is encoded in the number of photons. As such, interconversion between the two encodings is paramount in order to achieve cohesive quantum networks. In this paper, we demonstrate this by generating an entangled resource between the two encodings and using it to teleport a dual-rail qubit onto its single-rail counterpart. This work completes the set of tools necessary for the interconversion between the three primary encodings of the qubit in the optical field: single-rail, dual-rail and continuous-variable.Comment: Published in Quantu

Pharmacological evaluation polysaccharide complex flowers tansy

From flowers tansy extracted polysaccharide complex. Installed its qualitative and quantitative composition, have developed a technique standardizing the content of reducing sugars. By thin layer chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography after acid hydrolysis installed monosaccharide composition: glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose and mannose. It is proved that the polysaccharide has a high content of uronic acid, which allows it to include the class of pectin. The investigation of gastroprotective activity of polysaccharide in the prophylactic administration at model destruction of the gastric mucosa to indomethacin. Introduction polysaccharide prevents various types of erosive and ulcerative destruction. According to anti-ulcer activity of the drug is superior to ranitidine and comparable to omeprazol

The Reduction of Boron By Silicothermal Method

Thermodynamic modeling (TM) of the boron reduction process from the CaO–SiO2– MgO–B2O3 oxide system by silicon of ferrosilicon of FeSi65 and FeSi75 grades has been carried out. TM is made using the HSC 6.12 Chemistry software package developed by Outokumpu Research Oy (Finland). The equilibrium composition of oxide CaO-SiO2-MgO-B2O3 and metallic Si-Al-Fe systems was determined using the Equilibrium Compositions module in a given temperature range of 1400–1700∘C and a gas phase pressure of 1 atm. The effect of silicon of ferrosilicon grades (FeSi65 and FeSi75) on the degree of boron reduction (

Strong coupling between excitons in transition metal dichalcogenides and optical bound states in the continuum

Being motivated by recent achievements in the rapidly developing fields of optical bound states in the continuum (BICs) and excitons in monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides, we analyze strong coupling between BICs in $\rm Ta_2O_5$ periodic photonic structures and excitons in $\rm WSe_2$ monolayers. We demonstrate that giant radiative lifetime of BICs allow to engineer the exciton-polariton lifetime enhancing it three orders of magnitude compared to a bare exciton. We show that maximal lifetime of hybrid light-matter state can be achieved at any point of $\mathbf{k}$-space by shaping the geometry of the photonic structure. Our findings open new route for the realization of the moving exciton-polariton condensates with non-resonant pump and without the Bragg mirrors which is of paramount importance for polaritonic devices.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Light-matter interaction between photonic bound states in the continuum and bright excitons in transition metal dichalcogenides

Being motivated by recent achievements in the rapidly developing fields of optical bound states in the continuum (BICs) and excitons in monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides, we analyze strong coupling between BICs in Ta2O5 periodic photonic structures and excitons in WSe2 monolayers. We demonstrate that giant radiative lifetime of BICs allow to engineer the exciton-polariton lifetime enhancing it three orders of magnitude compared to a bare exciton.The work has been supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (3.1668.2017/4.6), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (16-37-60064) and the President of Russian Federation (Grant MK-403.2018.2)

Strong coupling between excitons in transition metal dichalcogenides and optical bound states in the continuum

Being motivated by recent achievements in the rapidly developing fields of optical bound states in the continuum (BICs) and excitons in monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides, we analyze strong coupling between BICs in Ta 2 O 5 periodic photonic structures and excitons in WSe 2 monolayers. We demonstrate that giant radiative lifetime of BICs allows to engineer the exciton-polariton lifetime enhancing it three orders of magnitude compared to a bare exciton. We show that maximal lifetime of hybrid light-matter state can be achieved at any point of k-space by shaping the geometry of the photonic structure.This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (16-37-60064, 17-02- 01234), the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (3.1668.2017/4.6), the President of Rus- sian Federation (MK-403.2018.2

Clinical Signs and Medical History as Predictors of Enalapril-Associated Dry Cough in Cardiovascular Patients

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are among the most prescribed and effective medicinal products for the treatment of several cardiovascular diseases. According to a number of studies, 30% of patients taking ACEIs develop adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and treatment discontinuation is often required as a result. The most common ADR associated with ACEIs is a dry (non-productive) cough. Nevertheless, the clinical signs and medical history predictive of this ADR in cardiovascular patients are still understudied.The aim of the study was to analyse the clinical signs and medical history predictive of cough in patients with cardiovascular conditions treated with enalapril.Materials and methods. The study was carried out in 2019–2022 and enrolled 224 patients with essential hypertension (grades 2 and 3) treated with enalapril at a dose of 10–20 mg/day. The patients were assigned to 2 groups: Group 1 included 113 patients with enalapril-associated cough, while Group 2 (control group) comprised 104 patients without this ADR. At screening, all the patients underwent a general examination and a check of their allergy and medication history. Using the data obtained, the authors analysed the association of the clinical signs and medical history with the ADR of interest (dry cough).Results. In contrast to the control group, the group with ACEI-associated dry cough included more patients with a history of drug-induced toxicoderma (OR=5.639, CI 2.234–14.236, χ2=15.845, and p<0.001) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR=3.409, CI 1.461–7.953, χ2=8.7472, and p<0.01), a family history of bronchial asthma (OR=4.141, CI 2.066–8.299, χ2=17.417, and p<0.001), and a close family history of severe allergic reactions (OR=3.714, CI 1.720– 8.018, χ2=12.137, and p<0.001).Conclusions. A family history of allergy increases the probability of dry cough in patients taking ACEIs. In order to improve the safety of ACEI therapy, patients with cardiovascular conditions should be asked more detailed questions about their personal or first-degree family history of allergy