Low-carbon economy: problems and prospects of development in Russia

Objective: to systematize trends in the low-carbon economy in Russia and to identify drivers and inhibitors for its further development.Methods: description and comparison were used to identify the main trends in the low-carbon economy; the principal component method was used to classify specific indicators of resource and energy efficiency and to identify the key factors in the formation of a low-carbon economy.Results: the analysis of the dynamics of specific indicators of the low-carbon economy development in Russia showed a decrease in energy intensity, an increase in the electric power of labor in the industrial sector and the use of renewable energy sources, an increase in total greenhouse gas emissions and in the formation of production and consumption waste. Based on the principal component method, the author proposes a method for classifying the specific indicators and the key development factors and calculating an integral indicator of the low-carbon economy development. The key factors of the low-carbon economy development are identified: energy consumption and the ecological footprint of production, as well as inhibitors - consumption of fuel and energy resources per employee, total greenhouse gas emissions, and a low degree of waste disposal. Based on the analysis and modeling results, we suggest ways to improve efficiency in the sphere of resource and energy saving.Scientific novelty: the article for the first time proposed and tested the method of calculating the integral indicator for a low- carbon economy, taking into account the integral factors - energy consumption and the ecological footprint of production. Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in the development of programs and projects in the field of resource efficiency and reduction of negative impacts on the environment in the real sector of the economy

BUSINESS DECISION TRENDS IN THE INTELLECTUAL PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT

The main trends have been described and the system characteristics of intellectual production have been presented: customization of products, integration of the product and the service it provides, the transition to integrated solutions and services, mass personification while reducing the share of costs per unit of output and customer waiting time for an order. The key components of the transformation of business management models in the fourth industrial revolution have been identified. Cross-correlation and regression analysis for indicators of high-tech production have been made. A basic, optimistic and pessimistic forecast of changes in the share of high-tech and technology products in the gross domestic product, depending on the growth of high-performance jobs, has been built. The analysis of the development of intellectual production presented in the article, as well as the results of modeling can be used in the construction of forecast trends of the economy in the transition to the fourth industrial revolution

Platformization of institutional interactions in the context of stimulating innovations in industry

The study of theoretical approaches and conceptual analysis helped to clarify the definition of “platformization” from the point of view of network interactions and technological modernization of Russian industry, which formed the basis for the model of institutional interactions platformization, based on the formation of technological alliances that promote innovations, joint value creation by network participants and breakthrough industrial development. On the basis of the dynamic approach, a matrix of positioning of the subjects of the Russian Federation has been constructed, reflecting their distribution in four quadrants, depending on the level and pace of innovative development, and allowing to identify a low share of regions, the regions that demonstrate an intensive increase in innovation activity together with a high rating and a high share of regions that are considered stable weak innovators. The definition of platformization has been formulated in the context of technological development of industry, which distinguishes the use of this category from the “digital” aspect presented in the literature

Functional modeling of the process of bringing innovative products to the market in mechanical engineering

The research is aimed at building a functional model ofmarket launch process of innovative mechanical engineering products. The subject of the study was the innovative process of a machine-building enterprise. The research methodology includes a comparative analysis and analysis of dynamic series, the concept of DCOR modeling, and IDEF0 methodology. As a result of the study, the patterns of innovative development of machine-building industries in Russia have revealed. The decomposition of the DCOR model of market launch process of innovative products adapted to the machine-building industry has proposed. The levers of successful market launch of innovative products have offered. A functional model of market launch process of innovative mechanical engineering products has developed. The model has formalised in the IDEF0 notation, which in general can contribute to the opening and use of a “window of opportunity” for the implementation of breakthrough innovation. The formulated conclusions contribute to the development of the theory of innovation in the context of machine-building industry and can be applied in planning and forecasting the innovative development of industrial enterprises

Main challenges and problems of digital transformation in conditions of technological sovereignty strengthening

Digital transformation is a process of mass introduction and use of digital technologies and innovations in business processes of enterprises resulting in increased production effiency and reduced costs. The article reveals main issues of digital transformation process in conditions of technological sovereignty strengthening. The purpose of the study is to identify main challenges and problems of digital transformation in conditions of technological sovereignty on the basis of statistical analysis techniques. Inthe process of research, such scientifi and practical methods as comparison, method of analysis and synthesis, and statistical data for monitoring main costs of enterprises for digital environment development have been used. Main challenges of digital transformation have been analyzed, and a number of problems and barriers to digital transformation identifid, such as the lack of necessary digital competencies, lack of digital strategy and appropriate personnel, and others that prevent digital processes from being fully realized within enterprises. Statistical data on gross domestic expenditures and expenditures of enterprises and households on digital economy development has also been analyzed. Statistical compilations and reports of the Higher School of Economics have been used in order to monitor and analyze relevant statistical data

Cost management in technological processes taking into account the implementation of the resource saving policy

The most important factor in maintaining the positions of Russian oil companies at the global level is taking into account the factors of changes in the external environment and the activation of internal reserves. The development of effective management decision support systems requires new management concepts based on current advances in production management theory and practice. The article proposes an approach based on determining the optimal combination of resources used in the production process and assessing their impact on the formation of production costs. The concept of cost management is based on an analysis, included the specifics of the enterprise’s internal environment and an assessment of the external environment impact on it. A cost management methodology has been developed to reduce the labour intensity of decision-making and the likelihood of technical selection errors, and to increase the efficiency of resource use and cost management. The proposed approach to cost management model formation has been recommended for using at oil industry enterprises. It can also be applied to enterprises in other industries by developing key performance indicators that affect the main cost items of the technological process under consideration

Integration of innovation development and implementation processes in defence industry according to a demand — supply format

The purpose of this study is to investigate the development and implementation processes of defence innovation in a demand – supply format. The main research methods are the dialectical and systematic approach, the method of formalisation and modelling, logical-functional and logical-structural analysis. The result of the study is the design of a lifecycle matrix for the development and implementation phases of defence innovation that visualises the objectives, functions, indicators, key deliverables by phase and stage of the innovation lifecycle. The matrix is intended for managers as a tool to help formulate the functions of the participants in the innovation process and to monitor and analyse problem areas in the innovation system. A business model of the innovation system of the defense complex in the demand – supply format is proposed, including elements that create supply and demand for innovative products, implement mediation mechanisms between participants that generate supply and demand. The results obtained are aimed at developing a methodology for organising and managing the development and implementation of innovations in the defence industry and can be used by authorities in the innovation policy formation, in developing and improving the programmes for the defence industry development in Russia

Formalization of sustainable innovative development process in the model of innovations diffusion

© 2016, Econjournals. All rights reseved. The relevance of the study is reasoned by the fact that the sustainability of innovative development cannot be fully estimated by using the parameters which are traditionally observed by the official statistical bodies, so it suggests the need to improve methodological solutions and technology economic interpretation as well as scaling of indicators’ values in this field. At the macro level there is a small number of indicators on the basis of which we can conclude about the stability of innovative development of economic systems at the meso-and macro level. In this regard, this article aims to formalize the process of sustainable innovation development on the basis of the parameters’ set formation of the innovations’ diffusion model and diagnosis of major economic systems’ development level. The leading method is the parameters’ set formalization of the quantitative model to estimate the level of economic systems’ innovative development based on managerial interpretation of descriptive statistics’ indicators of innovation activity in the framework of economic activities. Aset of quantitative parameters of 9 parametric model of economic systems’ innovative development level is formalized in the article, allowing to diagnose the impact of cyclical factors and the institutional environment that are not fully implemented in the existing macro- systems assessing the level of economic systems’ innovative development; methods of diagnosis and economic interpretation of the relevant indices and indicators’ levels are proposed. The material of this paper is of practical value for enterprises’ innovative activities regulators and monitoring agencies, for regional innovation infrastructure and transfer technology entities, for innovation-active enterprises, because on the basis of the obtained model the optimal solutions in the development of strategies for the upgrading of industries, regions, macro-economic system as a whole are possible

Integrated Management of Flows in Petroleum Products Supply Chains in the Field of Hydrocarbons Deep Processing

The urgency of the problems stated in the article is reasoned by the fact that the requirements on the supply chain management system in the petrochemical industry become high on the basis of an integrated logistics concept. The purpose of the article is to develop methods to systematize the advantages of an integrated model of the petroleum products' supply chain. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the modeling method that allows assessing of the effectiveness of petroleum products' integrated supply chains. The article presents an analytical review of petroleum products' market development in the Tatarstan Republic. The content of integrated control of flows in the supply chain of petroleum products in the field of hydrocarbons' deep processing is disclosed. The submissions of the article have theoretical and practical significance for the development of models of the integrated supply chains management in the petrochemical industry. Keywords: Supply Chain, Industry, Petroleum Products, Integrated Management, Petrochemical and Gas Complex. JEL Classifications: F15, L22, M11

Formalization of sustainable innovative development process in the model of innovations diffusion

© 2016, Econjournals. All rights reseved.The relevance of the study is reasoned by the fact that the sustainability of innovative development cannot be fully estimated by using the parameters which are traditionally observed by the official statistical bodies, so it suggests the need to improve methodological solutions and technology economic interpretation as well as scaling of indicators’ values in this field. At the macro level there is a small number of indicators on the basis of which we can conclude about the stability of innovative development of economic systems at the meso-and macro level. In this regard, this article aims to formalize the process of sustainable innovation development on the basis of the parameters’ set formation of the innovations’ diffusion model and diagnosis of major economic systems’ development level. The leading method is the parameters’ set formalization of the quantitative model to estimate the level of economic systems’ innovative development based on managerial interpretation of descriptive statistics’ indicators of innovation activity in the framework of economic activities. Aset of quantitative parameters of 9 parametric model of economic systems’ innovative development level is formalized in the article, allowing to diagnose the impact of cyclical factors and the institutional environment that are not fully implemented in the existing macro- systems assessing the level of economic systems’ innovative development; methods of diagnosis and economic interpretation of the relevant indices and indicators’ levels are proposed. The material of this paper is of practical value for enterprises’ innovative activities regulators and monitoring agencies, for regional innovation infrastructure and transfer technology entities, for innovation-active enterprises, because on the basis of the obtained model the optimal solutions in the development of strategies for the upgrading of industries, regions, macro-economic system as a whole are possible