10,928 research outputs found
Electron transport through interacting quantum dots
We present a detailed theoretical investigation of the effect of Coulomb
interactions on electron transport through quantum dots and double barrier
structures connected to a voltage source via an arbitrary linear impedance.
Combining real time path integral techniques with the scattering matrix
approach we derive the effective action and evaluate the current-voltage
characteristics of quantum dots at sufficiently large conductances. Our
analysis reveals a reach variety of different regimes which we specify in
details for the case of chaotic quantum dots. At sufficiently low energies the
interaction correction to the current depends logarithmically on temperature
and voltage. We identify two different logarithmic regimes with the crossover
between them occurring at energies of order of the inverse dwell time of
electrons in the dot. We also analyze the frequency-dependent shot noise in
chaotic quantum dots and elucidate its direct relation to interaction effects
in mesoscopic electron transport.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures. References added, discussion slightly extende
Coulomb Interaction and Quantum Transport through a Coherent Scatterer
An interplay between charge discreteness, coherent scattering and Coulomb
interaction yields nontrivial effects in quantum transport. We derive a real
time effective action and an equivalent quantum Langevin equation for an
arbitrary coherent scatterer and evaluate its current-voltage characteristics
in the presence of interactions. Within our model, at large conductances
and low (but outside the instanton-dominated regime) the interaction
correction to saturates and causes conductance suppression by a universal
factor which depends only on the type of the conductor.Comment: 4 pages, no figure
Quantal Brownian Motion - Dephasing and Dissipation
We analyze quantal Brownian motion in dimensions using the unified model
for diffusion localization and dissipation, and Feynman-Vernon formalism. At
high temperatures the propagator possess a Markovian property and we can write
down an equivalent Master equation. Unlike the case of the
Zwanzig-Caldeira-Leggett model, genuine quantum mechanical effects manifest
themselves due to the disordered nature of the environment. Using Wigner
picture of the dynamics we distinguish between two different mechanisms for
destruction of coherence. The analysis of dephasing is extended to the low
temperature regime by using a semiclassical strategy. Various results are
derived for ballistic, chaotic, diffusive, both ergodic and non-ergodic motion.
We also analyze loss of coherence at the limit of zero temperature and clarify
the limitations of the semiclassical approach. The condition for having
coherent effect due to scattering by low-frequency fluctuations is also pointed
out. It is interesting that the dephasing rate can be either larger or smaller
than the dissipation rate, depending on the physical circumstances.Comment: LaTex, 23 pages, 4 figures, published vesio
Universal scaling of current fluctuations in disordered graphene
We analyze the full transport statistics of graphene with smooth disorder at
low dopings. First we consider the case of 1D disorder for which the
transmission probability distribution is given analytically in terms of the
graphene-specific mean free path. All current cumulants are shown to scale with
system parameters (doping, size, disorder strength and correlation length) in
an identical fashion for large enough systems. In the case of 2D disorder,
numerical evidence is given for the same kind of identical scaling of all
current cumulants, so that the ratio of any two such cumulants is universal.
Specific universal values are given for the Fano factor, which is smaller than
the pseudodiffusive value of ballistic graphene (F=1/3) both for 1D (F=0.243)
and 2D (F=0.295) disorder. On the other hand, conductivity in wide samples is
shown to grow without saturation as \sqrt{L} and Log L with system length L in
the 1D and 2D cases respectively.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures. Published version, includes corrected figure for
Fano facto
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ (ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ)
Personalized medicine (PM) is a major trend in health care development in the 21st century. This area includes studying risk factors for disease development (prediction), interventions for preventing diseases (prophylaxis), individualization of diagnosis and treatment (personalization), informing the patient on disease prevention and treatment (participation). In the recent years, an intense research to introduce the personalized medicine principles into the management of critically ill patients, has been under way. This includes identification of patient groups based on genomic research, development of diagnostic tests using molecular markers, creation of novel classes of drugs based on individual patient characteristics.The aim of the review is to summarize the available data on the implementation of the principles of PM in the routine practice of critical care institutions.We analyzed more than 300 sources of literature from the Pubmed and Scopus databases, as well as the RSCI database. Eighty five most relevant sources were selected for the review. The paper reports data on the organization and results of implementation of PM principles and advanced technologies, such as Emergency Medicine Sample Bank (EMSB), in the daily activity of clinics providing emergency critical care. The formation of the novel PM concept focused on the treatment of critically ill patients has been discussed. The review contains detailed data on the patterns of development of specific critical illnesses such as acute cerebrovascular events, acute respiratory distress syndrome, traumatic brain injury, shock, myocardial infarction, cardiac rhythm and conduction disturbances. Medication eο¬cacy in view of individual genetic patient characteristics has also been highlighted. No research limitations on the subject were identified.Conclusion. The analysis of literature has demonstrated positive results of implementing PM principles in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of critically ill patients. Creation of Biobanks, development of training programs and regulatory documentation, advancing the scientific research, introduction of new methods of diagnosis and treatment will contribute to the implementation of PM principles in practical healthcare.ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° (ΠΠ) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΌ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² XXI Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ), ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°), ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ), ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ). Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π° Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΠ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ, Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ Π² ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ².Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ° β ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΠ Π² ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ.ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 300 ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π±Π°Π· Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Pubmed, Scopus ΠΈ Π ΠΠΠ¦. ΠΠ· ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ 85 ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π² Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ°.Π ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ
Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π±Π°Π½ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ β EMSB, Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊ, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ
. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ ΠΠ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ (ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΡ, ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠ° ΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄Π°, Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ± ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ².ΠΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ
Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΠ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡ, Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ
. Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ±Π°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΠ Π² ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ
Statistics of voltage fluctuations in resistively shunted Josephson junctions
The intrinsic nonlinearity of Josephson junctions converts Gaussian current
noise in the input into non-Gaussian voltage noise in the output. For a
resistively shunted Josephson junction with white input noise we determine
numerically exactly the properties of the few lowest cumulants of the voltage
fluctuations, and we derive analytical expressions for these cumulants in
several important limits. The statistics of the voltage fluctuations is found
to be Gaussian at bias currents well above the Josephson critical current, but
Poissonian at currents below the critical value. In the transition region close
to the critical current the higher-order cumulants oscillate and the voltage
noise is strongly non-Gaussian. For coloured input noise we determine the third
cumulant of the voltage.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
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