Visibility bound caused by a distinguishable noise particle

We investigate how distinguishability of a "noise" particle degrades interference of the "signal" particle. The signal, represented by an equatorial state of a photonic qubit, is mixed with noise, represented by another photonic qubit, via linear coupling on the beam splitter. We report on the degradation of the "signal" photon interference depending on the degree of indistinguishability between "signal" and "noise" photon. When the photons are principally completely distinguishable but technically indistinguishable the visibility drops to the value 1/sqrt(2). As the photons become more indistinguishable the maximal visibility increases and reaches the unit value for completely indistinguishable photons. We have examined this effect experimentally using setup with fiber optics two-photon Mach-Zehnder interferometer.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, Accepted to Phys. Rev.

The 2016 Austrian Presidential Election: A Tale of Three Divides

The 2016 Austrian presidential election was remarkably different than the previous ones in the history of the country characterized by its stable political system. Not only did it open the role of president in Austria to debate, but it also sidelined the two political parties that had dominated Austrian politics since World War II. Alexander Van der Bellen won the election with one of the closest margins in recent history. This article argues that the election divided the country in more than one way. Besides the near 50–50 divide between the candidates, the results show that it generated important dynamics in territorial politics as well, notably in the states and cities of Austria. These results point towards a party system transformation in Austrian politics. (author's abstract

Handbuch der militärischen Stylistik

monografi

Geothermal resources, Wilcox Group, Texas Gulf Coast

Results are presented of a regional study to identify areas where the Wilcox Group contains significant thicknesses of sandstone with subsurface temperatures higher than 300/sup 0/F. Eight of these geothermal fairways were identified. Control for this study was based on wells chosen so as to provide stratigraphic dip sections spaced 15 to 20 miles apart along the entire Texas Gulf Coast. Electrical well logs from the eight fairways are shown. (MHR

Geothermal Resources, Wilcox Group, Texas Gulf Coast

Areas with the potential for containing geopressured geothermal fluids in economic quantities (geothermal fairways) occur in the Wilcox Group where the Gulfward-dipping sandstone/shale wedge thickens abruptly across a complex growth-fault system. This regional study of sandstone distribution in the Wilcox Group is part of a much broader investigation aimed at assessing the potential for the production of geothermal energy from the geopressured zone of the onshore Tertiary along the Texas Gulf Coast (Dorfman and Keuffel, 1975, 1976). The objective of the study is to identify areas where the Wilcox Group contains significant thicknesses of sandstone with subsurface fluid temperatures higher than 300°F. These favorable areas are termed geothermal fairways and are areas in which additional, more detailed work is recommended in the search for prospective geopressured geothermal test-well sites. Reports summarizing similar studies of regional assessment of the Frio Formation and a prospective test-well site have been published by the Bureau of Economic Geology (Bebout, Dorfman, and Agagu, 1975; Bebout, Agagu, and Dorfman, 1975; Bebout, Loucks, Bosch, and Dorfman, 1976; Bebout, Loucks, and Gregory, 1977). The geothermal potential of the Vicksburg Formation is summarized by Loucks (1978). Funding for the entire geopressured geothermal assessment program has been provided by the Division of Geothermal Energy, U.S. Department of Energy.Bureau of Economic Geolog

ii Effects of Thermal Aging on Fracture Toughness and Charpy–Impact Strength of Stainless Steel Pipe Welds by

The degradation of fracture toughness, tensile, and Charpy–impact properties of Type 308 stainless steel (SS) pipe welds due to thermal aging has been characterized at room temperature and 290°C. Thermal aging of SS welds results in moderate decreases in Charpy–impact strength and fracture toughness. For the various welds in this study, upper–shelf energy decreased by 50–80 J/cm 2. The decrease in fracture toughness J–R curve or JIC is relatively small. Thermal aging had little or no effect on the tensile strength of the welds. Fracture properties of SS welds are controlled by the distribution and morphology of second–phase particles. Failure occurs by the formation and growth of microvoids near hard inclusions; such processes are relatively insensitive to thermal aging. The ferrite phase has little or no effect on the fracture properties of the welds. Differences in fracture resistance of the welds arise from differences in the density and size of inclusions. Mechanical–property data from the present study are consistent with results from other investigations. The existing data have been used to establish minimum expected fracture properties for SS welds