Orientation Sensitive Terahertz Resonances Observed in Protein Crystals

A method is presented for measuring anisotropic THz response for small crystals, Crystal Anisotropy Terahertz Microscopy (CATM). Sucrose CATM measurements find the expected anisotropic phonon resonances. CATM measurements of protein crystals find the expected broadband water absorption is suppressed and strong orientation and hydration dependent resonant features.Comment: 3 page

Author’s rights and e-learning from the perspective of the European integration

Related to reality, law cannot make abstraction of the practical needs to create and enforce the legal norms. Starting from the study of singular cases, the legal theory is verified by means of the strategies of economic-social development. The quantitative methods in the legal scientific research and in the legal practice are used nowadays for theoretic argumentation, based on the experience acquired as a result of the study of casuistry

The Faraday effect revisited: General theory

This paper is the first in a series revisiting the Faraday effect, or more generally, the theory of electronic quantum transport/optical response in bulk media in the presence of a constant magnetic field. The independent electron approximation is assumed. At zero temperature and zero frequency, if the Fermi energy lies in a spectral gap, we rigorously prove the Widom-Streda formula. For free electrons, the transverse conductivity can be explicitly computed and coincides with the classical result. In the general case, using magnetic perturbation theory, the conductivity tensor is expanded in powers of the strength of the magnetic field $B$. Then the linear term in $B$ of this expansion is written down in terms of the zero magnetic field Green function and the zero field current operator. In the periodic case, the linear term in $B$ of the conductivity tensor is expressed in terms of zero magnetic field Bloch functions and energies. No derivatives with respect to the quasi-momentum appear and thereby all ambiguities are removed, in contrast to earlier work.Comment: Final version, accepted for publication in J. Math. Phy