3 research outputs found

    Peculiarities of the influenza viruses circulation and their properties during 2018-2019 epidemic season in Russia and countries of the Northern Hemisphere

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    Objective. To identify the drift variability of influenza viruses during the period of epidemic rise in the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections in the period 2018-2019. The biological and molecular-genetic properties of epidemic strains isolated in certain territories of the Russian Federation were studied and compared with data from the countries of the Northern Hemisphere. Materials and methods. A range of laboratory diagnostic methods has been applied, including immune fluorescence, RT-PCR, sequencing, methods for determining sensitivity to influenza drugs and receptor specificity. Results and discussion. The proportion of influenza viruses was as follows: A (H1N1) pdm09 - 53 %, A (H3N2) - 46 %, B - about 1 %. Cases of severe acute respiratory infections have most often been associated with influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 virus. According to antigenic properties, isolated strains corresponded to the properties of vaccine viruses (A/Michigan/45/2015 - by 99.6 % and A/Singapore INFIMH-16-0019/2016 - by 86 %). The heterogeneity of influenza A virus strains population was revealed as regards individual mutations in hemaglutinin. The influenza B virus population was equally represented by both evolutionary lines (B/Victoria and B/Yamagata-like). Receptor specificity was favorable for the course and outcome of the disease. Among 70 studied epidemic strains, no strains resistant to anti-neuraminidase drugs, oseltamivir and zanamivir, were detected. The article presents WHO recommendations on the composition of influenza vaccines for the countries of the Northern Hemisphere for 2019-2020, provides data on cases of human infection with avian influenza viruses A(H5N1), A(H5N6), A(H7N9) and A(H9N2)

    Π“Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏ-2016: ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-эпидСмиологичСскиС особСнности ΠΈ соврСмСнныС возмоТности эффСктивной Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ (ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π“Π‘Π£Π— Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠœΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ‹ Β«Π˜Π½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ клиничСская Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ†Π° β„– 1 Π”Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° здравоохранСния Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠœΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ‹Β»)

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    The aim of this study was to monitor in-hospital influenza virus infection during 2015 – 2016 epidemic flu season. Methods. Influenza virus was searched in patients hospitalized to a clinical infectious diseases hospital with acute respiratory viral infection during 2015 – 2016 influenza seasonal growth period using real-time RT-PCR method. Influenza virus was isolated from nasal swabs and autopsy material using canine kidney cell line. Other laboratory methods used included complete blood count, blood chemistry, blood gas analysis, urinalysis, and chest X-ray examination. Results. We examined 1,491 patients (375 adults, 546 children, 570 pregnant women with early gestational age). The proportion of hospitalized patients with confirmed A / H1N1pdm09 influenza in January – February, 2016, was 91.3%. A / H3N2 influenza virus was diagnosed in 5.7%, influenza B virus was isolated in 1.2% of patients. Totally, influenza virus was detected in 35.2% of samples, of which 30.1% of samples were obtained from adults, 33.7% of samples were obtained from children, and 39.8% of samples were obtained from pregnant women. The prevalent patient’s age was 15 to 60 years (76.1%) in adults and 3 to 6 years in children. Moderate course of influenza with a high rate of hospital admission was seen more often and was similar to that of 2009 – 2010 epidemic season. Proportion of patients with flu complicated by pneumonia was higher than that in 2014 – 2015 epidemic season. Bilateral lung injury was diagnosed in 48.4% of patients. High mortality in ICU (46.4%) was due to delayed start of antiviral treatment and late admission to a hospital. Conclusion. In 2015 – 2016 epidemic flu season, higher morbidity, complications and poor outcomes were related to predominant infection of A – H1N1pdm09 influenza virus. Risk factors of complications and death were delayed care seeking, lack of modern antiviral medications and comorbidity.ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. Π’ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ подъСма заболСваСмости Π² сСзонС 2015–2016 Π³Π³. Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… эпидСмиологичСского Π½Π°Π΄Π·ΠΎΡ€Π° Π·Π° циркуляциСй вирусов Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° Π² Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π¦Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ экологии ΠΈ эпидСмиологии Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° (Π¦Π­Π­Π“) Π˜Π½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ‚Π° вирусологии ΠΈΠΌ. Π”.И.Ивановского Π€Π“Π‘Π£ Β«Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ эпидСмиологии ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° Н.Π€.Π“Π°ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΈΒ» ΠœΠΈΠ½Π·Π΄Ρ€Π°Π²Π° России (Москва) Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ Π“Π‘Π£Π— Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠœΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ‹ Β«Π˜Π½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ клиничСская Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΈΡ†Π° β„– 1 Π”Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° здравоохранСния Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠœΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ‹Β» (Π“Π‘Π£Π— Π³. ΠœΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ‹ Β«Π˜ΠšΠ‘ β„– 1 Π”Π—ΠœΒ») осущСствлялся Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π³ Π² условиях спСциализированного стационара, Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ являлось ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ количСствСнного ΠΈ качСствСнного распрСдСлСния ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² вирусов Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° А ΠΈ Π’ срСди госпитализированных ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², Π² Ρ‚. Ρ‡. с тяТСлой Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΎΠΉ заболСвания, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· частоты ослоТнСний ΠΈ эффСктивности противовирусной Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠœΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π’ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ подъСма заболСваСмости Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΌ Π² Π“Π‘Π£Π— Π³. ΠœΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ‹ Β«Π˜ΠšΠ‘ β„– 1 Π”Π—ΠœΒ» госпитализированы ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ с клиничСским Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ острая рСспираторная вирусная инфСкция. ДСтСкция вирусов Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ полимСразной цСпной рСакции с ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ транскрипциСй Π² Ρ€Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. Вирусы Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°Π·Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… смывов ΠΈ сСкционного ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ собаки (MDCK). Лабораторная диагностика Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π»Π° клиничСский ΠΈ биохимичСский Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ состава ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΠΈ, рСнтгСнологичСскоС исслСдованиС ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Π’ январС-Ρ„Π΅Π²Ρ€Π°Π»Π΅ 2016 Π³. доля Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…, госпитализированных Π² Π“Π‘Π£Π— Π³. ΠœΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ‹ Β«Π˜ΠšΠ‘ β„– 1 Π”Π—ΠœΒ» с Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΌ A / H1N1pdm09, составила 91,3 %, A / H3N2 – 5,7 %, Π’ – 1,2 %. ΠžΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ (n = 1Β 491) – взрослыС (n = 375), Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ (n = 546) ΠΈ Π±Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ (n = 570) Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… сроках. Доля ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π° Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ± Π² Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ составила 35,2 %. Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈ взрослых ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ 30,1 % ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±, срСди Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ΠΉ – 33,7 %, срСди Π±Π΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… – 39,8 %. Π’ возрастной структурС ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ (76,1 %) ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π² возрастС ΠΎΡ‚ 15 Π΄ΠΎ 50 Π»Π΅Ρ‚. Π’ дСтской популяции Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π² эпидСмию оказались Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈ Π² возрастС 3–6 Π»Π΅Ρ‚. ΠŸΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ срСднСтяТСлыС Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° с высокой частотой госпитализаций, сравнимой с сСзоном 2009–2010 Π³Π³. Доля ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΌ, ослоТнСнным ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡŒ Π² сравнСнии с эпидСмичСским сСзоном 2014–2015 Π³Π³. ДвустороннСС ΠΏΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ… зарСгистрировано Ρƒ 48,4 % Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…. Высокий ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ (46,4 %) Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ интСнсивной Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ связан с Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π»Ρ‹ΠΌ Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΎΠΌ противовирусной Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ госпитализациСй. Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Высокая Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ числа ослоТнСний ΠΈ нСблагоприятных исходов ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ вируса Π³Ρ€ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠ° A / H1N1pdm09. Π€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ риск развития ослоТнСний ΠΈ Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… исходов, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π° мСдицинской ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ, отсутствиС своСврСмСнной противовирусной Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ заболСвания

    Main Directions of Effective Influenza Prevention in Modern Conditions

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    This paper presents the risk analysis of influenza virus infection in different age groups based on the prevalence and mortality rates. The epidemiological characteristics of the influenza virus circulation during postpandemic period are given. Main aspects of specific and non-specific influenza prevention are discussed. The efficacy of the interferon-based medication Grippferon in the prevention of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) is justified
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