In these difficult times of COVID-19, urologic research cannot stop: COVID-19 pandemic and reconstructive urology highlighted in International Brazilian Journal of Urology

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Interferência na qualidade dos frutos de morangueiro ocasionada pelo uso de agentes de controle biológico de doenças

The strawberry is a fruit of great market acceptance and it is much appreciated throughout the world, besides being very important for small farmers, generating employment and income. Nevertheless, this crop is affected by various diseases that require control, so that producers eventually use chemical fungicides, which, besides contaminating soil and water, eventually contaminate the fruit. In an attempt to reduce the amount of pesticides used in the strawberry crop, a lot of research on biological control of diseases has been done. However, the biological control of diseases in strawberries should not interfere negatively in fruit quality. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the acidity, pH and total soluble solids (ºBrix) of strawberries treated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces boulardii and Bacillus cereus, agents used in the biological control of diseases. None of the treatments affected the pH and total titratable acidity; however, S. cerevisiae increased the content of total soluble solids, improving the quality of strawberries.O morango é um fruto de grande aceitação e muito apreciado por todo o mundo, além de ser de grande importância para pequenos agricultores, gerando trabalho e renda. Porém, essa cultura é atacada por diversas doenças, o que faz seu controle necessário, de modo que os produtores recorrem ao uso de fungicidas químicos, os quais, além de contaminarem o solo e a água, acabam por contaminar os frutos. Na tentativa de se reduzir a carga de agrotóxicos utilizados no cultivo do morangueiro, tem-se pesquisado o controle biológico de doenças. No entanto, o controle biológico de doenças no morangueiro não deve interferir de maneira negativa na qualidade dos frutos. Dessa maneira, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a acidez, o pH e os sólidos solúveis totais (ºBrix) em frutos de morangueiros tratados com Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces boulardii e Bacillus cereus, agentes utilizados no controle biológico de doenças. Nenhum dos tratamentos interferiu no pH e na acidez titulável total; porém, S. cerevisiae proporcionou aumento do teor de sólidos solúveis totais, melhorando sua qualidade

Anatomic Aspects of Inguinal Lymph Nodes Applied to Lymphadenectomy in Penile Cancer

Objectives. To provide a better understanding of the distribution of inguinal nodes in order to prevent the complications of unnecessary and extended dissections in penile cancer. Methods. The bilateral inguinal regions of 19 male cadavers were dissected. Nodal distribution was noted and quantified based on anatomical location. The superficial nodes were subdivided into quarters as follows: superomedial, superolateral, inferomedial, and inferolateral. Statistical analysis was performed comparing node distribution between quarters using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the unpaired T-test was used between superficial and deep nodes. Results. Superficial nodes were found in all inguinal regions studied (mean = 13.60), and their distribution was more prominent in the superomedial quarter (mean = 3.94) and less in the inferolateral quarter (mean = 2.73). There was statistical significance between quarters when comparing the upper group with the lower one (P = 0.02). Nodes were widely distributed in the superficial region compared with deep lymph nodes (mean = 13.60 versus 1.71, P < 0.001). Conclusions. A great number of inguinal lymph nodes are distributed near the classical anatomical landmarks for inguinal lymphadenectomy, more prominent in upper quadrants