430 research outputs found
Scale dependence of the alignment between strain rate and rotation in turbulent shear flow
The scale dependence of the statistical alignment tendencies of the eigenvectors of the strain-rate tensor ei, with the vorticity vector ω, is examined in the self-preserving region of a planar turbulent mixing layer. Data from a direct numerical simulation are filtered at various length scales and the probability density functions of the magnitude of the alignment cosines between the two unit vectors |ei⋅ˆω| are examined. It is observed that the alignment tendencies are insensitive to the concurrent large-scale velocity fluctuations, but are quantitatively affected by the nature of the concurrent large-scale velocity-gradient fluctuations. It is confirmed that the small-scale (local) vorticity vector is preferentially aligned in parallel with the large-scale (background) extensive strain-rate eigenvector e1, in contrast to the global tendency for ω to be aligned in parallel with the intermediate strain-rate eigenvector [Hamlington et al., Phys. Fluids 20, 111703 (2008)]. When only data from regions of the flow that exhibit strong swirling are included, the so-called high-enstrophy worms, the alignment tendencies are exaggerated with respect to the global picture. These findings support the notion that the production of enstrophy, responsible for a net cascade of turbulent kinetic energy from large scales to small scales, is driven by vorticity stretching due to the preferential parallel alignment between ω and nonlocal e1 and that the strongly swirling worms are kinematically significant to this process.Fluid Mechanic
Direct evaluation of radiobiological parameters from clinical data in the case of ion beam therapy: an alternative approach to the relative biological effectiveness
Tumor control in ion beam radiotherapy with different ions in the presence of hypoxia: an oxygen enhancement ratio model based on the microdosimetric kinetic model
Investigation of the use of inhomogeneous fractional dose distributions in IMPT to improve the therapeutic index
The Generalized Stochastic Microdosimetric Model: the main formulation
The present work introduces a rigorous stochastic model, named Generalized
Stochastic Microdosimetric Model (GSM2), to describe biological damage induced
by ionizing radiation. Starting from microdosimetric spectra of energy
deposition in tissue, we derive a master equation describing the time evolution
of the probability density function of lethal and potentially lethal DNA damage
induced by radiation in a cell nucleus. The resulting probability distribution
is not required to satisfy any a priori assumption. Furthermore, we generalized
the master equation to consider damage induced by a continuous dose delivery.
In addition, spatial features and damage movement inside the nucleus have been
taken into account. In doing so, we provide a general mathematical setting to
fully describe the spatiotemporal damage formation and evolution in a cell
nucleus. Finally, we provide numerical solutions of the master equation
exploiting Monte Carlo simulations to validate the accuracy of GSM2.
Development of GSM2 can lead to improved modeling of radiation damage to both
tumor and normal tissues, and thereby impact treatment regimens for better
tumor control and reduced normal tissue toxicities
'Survival': A simulation toolkit introducing a modular approach for radiobiological evaluations in ion beam therapy.
ErbB in NSCLC as a molecular target: Current evidences and future directions
A number of treatments have been developed for HER1, 2 and 3-driven non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), of which the most successful have been the epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in HER1-mutant tumours resulting in highly improved progression-free survival. Human epidermal growth factor (HER)2 and 3-driven tumours represent the minority of NSCLC, and effective therapies in these patients still represent an unmet medical need. The encouraging results seen with anti-HER2 and anti-HER3 monoclonal antibodies need to be validated in larger studies, even if the greatest obstacle is represented by the exiguous number of patients bearing deregulated HER2/3 system and abnormalities of signal transduction pathway. Considering NSCLC tumour heterogeneity, which affects response and resistance to treatment, combined multiparametric approaches, such as liquid biopsy together with radiomics, may provide a better understanding of the tumour dynamics and clonal selection during the treatments
- …