305 research outputs found
Lightcone renormalization and quantum quenches in one-dimensional Hubbard models
The Lieb-Robinson bound implies that the unitary time evolution of an
operator can be restricted to an effective light cone for any Hamiltonian with
short-range interactions. Here we present a very efficient renormalization
group algorithm based on this light cone structure to study the time evolution
of prepared initial states in the thermodynamic limit in one-dimensional
quantum systems. The algorithm does not require translational invariance and
allows for an easy implementation of local conservation laws. We use the
algorithm to investigate the relaxation dynamics of double occupancies in
fermionic Hubbard models as well as a possible thermalization. For the
integrable Hubbard model we find a pure power-law decay of the number of doubly
occupied sites towards the value in the long-time limit while the decay becomes
exponential when adding a nearest neighbor interaction. In accordance with the
eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, the long-time limit is reasonably well
described by a thermal average. We point out though that such a description
naturally requires the use of negative temperatures. Finally, we study a
doublon impurity in a N\'eel background and find that the excess charge and
spin spread at different velocities, providing an example of spin-charge
separation in a highly excited state.Comment: published versio
On the theory of resonant susceptibility of dielectric glasses in magnetic field
The anomalous magnetic field dependence of dielectric properties of
insulating glasses in the temperature interval is considered. In
this temperature range, the dielectric permittivity is defined by the resonant
contribution of tunneling systems. The external magnetic field regulates
nuclear spins of tunneling atoms. This regulation suppresses a nuclear
quadrupole interaction of these spins with lattice and, thus, affects the
dielectric response of tunneling systems. It is demonstrated that in the
absence of an external magnetic field the nuclear quadrupole interaction
results in the correction to the permittivity in the
temperature range of interest. An application of a magnetic field results in a
sharp increase of this correction approximately by a factor of two when the
Zeeman splitting approaches the order of . Further increase of the
magnetic field results in a relatively smooth decrease in the correction until
the Zeeman splitting approaches the temperature. This smooth dependence results
from tunneling accompanied by a change of the nuclear spin projection. As the
magnetic field surpasses the temperature, the correction vanishes. The results
obtained in this paper are compared with experiment. A new mechanism of the low
temperature nuclear spin-lattice relaxation in glasses is considered.Comment: 9 Pages, 5 Figures, To be submitted to the Physical Review B, please
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Evidence for Magnetic Field Induced Changes of the Phase of Tunneling States: Spontaneous Echoes in (KBr)(KCN) in Magnetic Fields
Recently, it has been discovered that in contrast to expectations the
low-temperature dielectric properties of some multi-component glasses depend
strongly on magnetic fields. In particular, the low-frequency dielectric
susceptibility and the amplitude of coherent polarization echoes show striking
non-monotonic magnetic field dependencies. The low-temperature dielectric
response of these materials is governed by atomic tunneling systems. We now
have investigated the coherent properties of tunneling states in a crystalline
host in magnetic fields up to 230mT. Two-pulse echo experiments have been
performed on a KBr crystal containing about 7.5% CN. Like in glasses, but
perhaps even more surprising in the case of a crystalline system, we observe a
very strong magnetic field dependence of the echo amplitude. Moreover, for the
first time we have direct evidence that magnetic fields change the phase of
coherent tunneling systems in a well-defined way. We present the data and
discuss the possible origin of this intriguing effect.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PR
Excitation spectra and rf-response near the polaron-to-molecule transition from the functional renormalization group
A light impurity in a Fermi sea undergoes a transition from a polaron to a
molecule for increasing interaction. We develop a new method to compute the
spectral functions of the polaron and molecule in a unified framework based on
the functional renormalization group with full self-energy feedback. We discuss
the energy spectra and decay widths of the attractive and repulsive polaron
branches as well as the molecular bound state and confirm the scaling of the
excited state decay rate near the transition. The quasi-particle weight of the
polaron shifts from the attractive to the repulsive branch across the
transition, while the molecular bound state has a very small residue
characteristic for a composite particle. We propose an experimental procedure
to measure the repulsive branch in a Li6 Fermi gas using rf-spectroscopy and
calculate the corresponding spectra.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures; v2: version published in Phys. Rev.
Cryogenic micro-calorimeters for mass spectrometric identification of neutral molecules and molecular fragments
We have systematically investigated the energy resolution of a magnetic
micro-calorimeter (MMC) for atomic and molecular projectiles at impact energies
ranging from to 150 keV. For atoms we obtained absolute energy
resolutions down to eV and relative energy resolutions
down to . We also studied in detail the MMC
energy-response function to molecular projectiles of up to mass 56 u. We have
demonstrated the capability of identifying neutral fragmentation products of
these molecules by calorimetric mass spectrometry. We have modeled the MMC
energy-response function for molecular projectiles and conclude that
backscattering is the dominant source of the energy spread at the impact
energies investigated. We have successfully demonstrated the use of a detector
absorber coating to suppress such spreads. We briefly outline the use of MMC
detectors in experiments on gas-phase collision reactions with neutral
products. Our findings are of general interest for mass spectrometric
techniques, particularly for those desiring to make neutral-particle mass
measurements
Magnetic Field Dependent Tunneling in Glasses
We report on experiments giving evidence for quantum effects of
electromagnetic flux in barium alumosilicate glass. In contrast to expectation,
below 100 mK the dielectric response becomes sensitive to magnetic fields. The
experimental findings include both, the complete lifting of the dielectric
saturation by weak magnetic fields and oscillations of the dielectric response
in the low temperature resonant regime. As origin of these effects we suggest
that the magnetic induction field violates the time reversal invariance leading
to a flux periodicity in the energy levels of tunneling systems. At low
temperatures, this effect is strongly enhanced by the interaction between
tunneling systems and thus becomes measurable.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
The effect of Aharanov-Bohm phase on the magnetic-field dependence of two-pulse echos in glasses at low temperatures
The anomalous response of glasses in the echo amplitude experiment is
explained in the presence of a magnetic field. We have considered the low
energy excitations in terms of an effective two level system. The effective
model is constructed on the flip-flop configuration of two interacting two
level systems. The magnetic field affects the tunneling amplitude through the
Aharanov-Bohm effect. The effective model has a lower scale of energy in
addition to the new distribution of tunneling parameters which depend on the
interaction. We are able to explain some features of echo amplitude versus a
magnetic field, namely, the dephasing effect at low magnetic fields, dependence
on the strength of the electric field, pulse separation effect and the
influence of temperature. However this model fails to explain the isotope
effects which essentially can be explained by the nuclear quadrupole moment. We
will finally discuss the features of our results.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
Is local scale invariance a generic property of ageing phenomena ?
In contrast to recent claims by Enss, Henkel, Picone, and Schollwoeck [J.
Phys. A 37, 10479] it is shown that the critical autoresponse function of the
1+1-dimensional contact process is not in agreement with the predictions of
local scale invariance.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, final form, c++ source code on reques
Liquid-induced damping of mechanical feedback effects in single electron tunneling through a suspended carbon nanotube
In single electron tunneling through clean, suspended carbon nanotube devices
at low temperature, distinct switching phenomena have regularly been observed.
These can be explained via strong interaction of single electron tunneling and
vibrational motion of the nanotube. We present measurements on a highly stable
nanotube device, subsequently recorded in the vacuum chamber of a dilution
refrigerator and immersed in the 3He/4He mixture of a second dilution
refrigerator. The switching phenomena are absent when the sample is kept in the
viscous liquid, additionally supporting the interpretation of dc-driven
vibration. Transport measurements in liquid helium can thus be used for finite
bias spectroscopy where otherwise the mechanical effects would dominate the
current.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
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