Fluorescence of the Polymethine Dye Tiks and Diagnostics af Cancert

It is shown that the fluorescence of the polymethine dye TIKS, whose absorption and fluorescence bands are located in the spectral region of transmission of biological tissues, can be recorded from a depth of up to 1.5 cm of an animal’s body. The intensity of the fluorescence recorded from the surface of the animal’s body in intravenous injection of the dye (1–2 mg/kg) is in direct proportion to its concentration in tumor nodes and muscles. In rapidly growing tumors, a high (up to 3.6) degree of contrast of the content of the dye is attained in tumor tissues as compared to the surrounding normal tissues. Over the course of 7 days after the injection, the dye is practically completely removed from both the tumor and normal muscular tissues. From the change in the fluorescence intensity in scanning the surface one can determine the regions of localization of tumor nodes against the background of the surrounding normal tissues and the presence of regions with a nonuniform distribution of the dye

Sorption of Perrhenate Ions by a New Anion Exchanger Based on an Oligomer of Epichlorohydrin and 4-vinylpyridine

In this study, oligomer epichlorohydrine (OECH) was crosslinked with 4-vinylpyridin (VP) present initiator of peroxide benzoyl (BP). The resulting anionite (OECH-VP) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tested for perrhenate ions sorption. The new macropore anion exchange resin was synthesized by polycondensation of epichlorohydrin oligomer and 4-vinylpyridine, the static exchange capacity (SEC) of which is equal to 6.75 mg-equiv∙g-1 in 0.1 M HCI solution and the sorption of perrhenate ions was studied. The influence of the concentration and pH of the model ammonium perrhenate solutions, contact time on the sorption activity of new anion exchangers (ECHO-VP) to perrhenate ions were studied. When studying the concentration effect of NH4ReO4 on the sorption of perrhenate ions by anionite ECHO-VP, the recovery degree at the content of 0.1-0.7 g/L of rhenium remained virtually unchanged and varied between 91- and 92%. When increasing the concentration of rhenium up to 1.02 g/L, the recovery degree (A) is reduced to 86%. The time to reach the equilibrium between the anion exchanger ECHO-VP and the solution of NH4ReO4, containing 0.94 g/L of rhenium and having a pH of 5.1 is 6 hours. Thus in the first 15 minutes 81% perrhenate ions are recovered. Structure of the surface anionite before and after sorption of rhenium ions were studied by electronic microscopy method. The results revealed that the anionite ECHO-VP has a folded surface with a developed system of macropores and the size of macropores was found to vary between 0.70-1.76 mc, and individual pores reach 2.59 mc. It was established that ion exchanger based on oligomers of epichlorohydrin and 4-vinylpyridine have better sorption properties for rhenium (VII) ions that a wide range of commercial sorbents. It was found that the sorption capacity and the extent of new anion extracting the perrhenate ions and reach their maximum values are respectively 371.6 mg∙Re/g and 99% at pH 5.1

Polyfunctional Anion Exchangers on the Basis of Allyl Compounds, Glyсydilic Ethers of Dioxybenzenes and Some Di- and Polyamines

Scientific basis for preparation of new carbon-mineral adsorbents, supports, highly selective catalysts, and composite materials synthesized by a carbide cycle mechanism on the finely disperse particles of the iron subgroup metals, their alloys with some other metals is discussed. It was found that the carbide cycle mechanism involves the chemical and physical steps. The regularities of the process performance on the both stages are considered. Graphite filaments may be formed of graphite layers with either coaxial-cylindrical, coaxial-conic or stack orientations in the filament body. A number of primary and secondary properties of the graphite aggregates is being discussed. We have developed the methods for control the synthesis of carbon-mineral materials of the specified properties by varying the parameters of the metal particles, the nature of hydrocarbon decomposition, and the process mode

Influence of natural alumosilicate materials on the process of thermal processing of waste biomass waste

The process of pyrolysis of plant biomass wastes using thermogravimetric analysis, as well as by conducting experiments using a laboratory pyrolysis plant, was studied. As a raw material for pyrolysis, chopped husk of sunflower seeds with a moisture content of 5,6%; ash content is 3.2% and the lowest specific heat of combustion is 17,6 kJ / g was used. The study of the thermal stability of husk was carried out in the temperature range up to 600 °C and allowed to determine the main peaks of mass loss of the sample, the amount of volatile products and the solid residue formed as a result of pyrolysis. The influence of the size of the feedstock fraction on the process characteristics was studied. Intensification of the pyrolysis process was carried out by direct application of natural aluminosilicate materials into pyrolyzable raw materials with a mass content of 10% of the weight of the initial sample. The effect of the aluminosilicate materials used on the process characteristics was evaluated by changing the conversion (into gaseous, liquid, solid products), by changing the heat of combustion and the composition of the pyrolysis gases. A comparison of activity in the pyrolysis process of the investigated natural aluminosilicate materials with the commercially available synthetic zeolite ZSM-5 was performed. The processing of the obtained experimental data made it possible to select the most active catalyst among the clays and compare them with each other and with a synthetic zeolite. According to the data obtained, montmorillonite clay is the most accessible and leading to an increase in the heat value of pyrolysis gases. When using this aluminosilicate as a catalyst for direct application in the process of pyrolysis of husks of sunflower seeds, the mass fraction of gaseous products increased by 4,3%, while the combustion gas of combustion gas increased by 8.8 MJ/m3, by increasing the total yield of C1–C4 hydrocarbons by 12,7% in comparison with the non-catalytic process

Investigation of flax shive thermal destruction kinetic process

The use of waste biomass for energy purposes is currently of great interest to scientific and industrial groups around the world. Flax shive is a waste of flax processing industry, which can be used for energy purposes. The most interesting are the processes of thermal processing, making maximum use of the energy potential of the processed biomass wastes. Such methods of thermal processing include various types of pyrolysis. The paper presents the results of a kinetic study of the pyrolysis process of flax bonfire in the temperature range up to 600 °C using the experimentally obtained data of dynamic thermogravimetry. To find the kinetic parameters and the kinetic model of the process, we used model–independent methods and methods of nonlinear regression. Mathematical processing of the experimentally obtained data made it possible to determine the formal kinetic mechanism of the pyrolysis process of flax shive, the kinetic parameters and the temperature interval of each stage of the process. The obtained kinetic parameters of the pyrolysis process of the flax shive in the future will allow optimizing the industrial pyrolysis technology, to reduce the time spent on carrying out research and construction works. This kinetic model of pyrolysis process contains 4 stages of decomposition of flax shive, corresponding to the processes of moisture loss and thermal destruction of flax shive components — hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. The significant mass of the carbonaceous residue obtained as a result of the pyrolysis of flax shive (about 29% by weight) allows us to conclude that it is potentially possible to use it further for the production of carbon-containing materials. Finally, conclusions about the applicability of flax shive as a raw material for obtaining carbon sorbents will help to make the results of further studies of strength, surface and sorption properties

Neutral H density at the termination shock: a consolidation of recent results

We discuss a consolidation of determinations of the density of neutral interstellar H at the nose of the termination shock carried out with the use of various data sets, techniques, and modeling approaches. In particular, we focus on the determination of this density based on observations of H pickup ions on Ulysses during its aphelion passage through the ecliptic plane. We discuss in greater detail a novel method of determination of the density from these measurements and review the results from its application to actual data. The H density at TS derived from this analysis is equal to 0.087 \pm 0.022 cm-3, and when all relevant determinations are taken into account, the consolidated density is obtained at 0.09 \pm 0.022 cm-3. The density of H in CHISM based on literature values of filtration factor is then calculated at 0.16 \pm 0.04 cm-3.Comment: Submitted to Space Science Review