MicroRNA applications for prostate, ovarian and breast cancer in the era of precision medicine.

The high degree of conservation in microRNA from Caenorhabditiselegans to humans has enabled relatively rapid implementation of findings in model systems to the clinic. The convergence of the capacity for genomic screening being implemented in the prevailing precision medicine initiative and the capabilities of microRNA to address these changes holds significant promise. However, prostate, ovarian and breast cancers are heterogeneous and face issues of evolving therapeutic resistance. The transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling axis plays an important role in the progression of these cancers by regulating microRNAs. Reciprocally, microRNAs regulate TGFβ actions during cancer progression. One must consider the expression of miRNA in the tumor microenvironment a source of biomarkers of disease progression and a viable target for therapeutic targeting. The differential expression pattern of microRNAs in health and disease, therapeutic response and resistance has resulted in its application as robust biomarkers. With two microRNA mimetics in ongoing restorative clinical trials, the paradigm for future clinical studies rests on the current observational trials to validate microRNA markers of disease progression. Some of today's biomarkers can be translated to the next generation of microRNA-based therapies

Quantum Isometries of the finite noncommutative geometry of the Standard Model

We compute the quantum isometry group of the finite noncommutative geometry F describing the internal degrees of freedom in the Standard Model of particle physics. We show that this provides genuine quantum symmetries of the spectral triple corresponding to M x F where M is a compact spin manifold. We also prove that the bosonic and fermionic part of the spectral action are preserved by these symmetries.Comment: 29 pages, no figures v3: minor change

Sensory organ like response determines the magnetism of zigzag-edged honeycomb nanoribbons

We present an analytical theory for the magnetic phase diagram for zigzag edge terminated honeycomb nanoribbons described by a Hubbard model with an interaction parameter U . We show that the edge magnetic moment varies as ln U and uncover its dependence on the width W of the ribbon. The physics of this owes its origin to the sensory organ like response of the nanoribbons, demonstrating that considerations beyond the usual Stoner-Landau theory are necessary to understand the magnetism of these systems. A first order magnetic transition from an anti-parallel orientation of the moments on opposite edges to a parallel orientation occurs upon doping with holes or electrons. The critical doping for this transition is shown to depend inversely on the width of the ribbon. Using variational Monte-Carlo calculations, we show that magnetism is robust to fluctuations. Additionally, we show that the magnetic phase diagram is generic to zigzag edge terminated nanostructures such as nanodots. Furthermore, we perform first principles modeling to show how such magnetic transitions can be realized in substituted graphene nanoribbons.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Lag synchronization and scaling of chaotic attractor in coupled system

We report a design of delay coupling for lag synchronization in two unidirectionally coupled chaotic oscillators. A delay term is introduced in the definition of the coupling to target any desired lag between the driver and the response. The stability of the lag synchronization is ensured by using the Hurwitz matrix stability. We are able to scale up or down the size of a driver attractor at a response system in presence of a lag. This allows compensating the attenuation of the amplitude of a signal during transmission through a delay line. The delay coupling is illustrated with numerical examples of 3D systems, the Hindmarsh-Rose neuron model, the R\"ossler system and a Sprott system and, a 4D system. We implemented the coupling in electronic circuit to realize any desired lag synchronization in chaotic oscillators and scaling of attractors.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure

Symmetry-dependent phonon renormalization in monolayer MoS2 transistor

Strong electron-phonon interaction which limits electronic mobility of semiconductors can also have significant effects on phonon frequencies. The latter is the key to the use of Raman spectroscopy for nondestructive characterization of doping in graphene-based devices. Using in-situ Raman scattering from single layer MoS$_2$ electrochemically top-gated field effect transistor (FET), we show softening and broadening of A$_{1g}$ phonon with electron doping whereas the other Raman active E$_{2g}^{1}$ mode remains essentially inert. Confirming these results with first-principles density functional theory based calculations, we use group theoretical arguments to explain why A$_{1g}$ mode specifically exhibits a strong sensitivity to electron doping. Our work opens up the use of Raman spectroscopy in probing the level of doping in single layer MoS$_2$-based FETs, which have a high on-off ratio and are of enormous technological significance.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Antagonizing CD105 enhances radiation sensitivity in prostate cancer.

Radiation therapy is the primary intervention for nearly half of the patients with localized advanced prostate cancer and standard of care for recurrent disease following surgery. The development of radiation-resistant disease is an obstacle for nearly 30-50% of patients undergoing radiotherapy. A better understanding of mechanisms that lead to radiation resistance could aid in the development of sensitizing agents to improve outcome. Here we identified a radiation-resistance pathway mediated by CD105, downstream of BMP and TGF-β signaling. Antagonizing CD105-dependent BMP signaling with a partially humanized monoclonal antibody, TRC105, resulted in a significant reduction in clonogenicity when combined with irradiation. In trying to better understand the mechanism for the radio-sensitization, we found that radiation-induced CD105/BMP signaling was sufficient and necessary for the upregulation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in contributing to p53 stabilization and PGC-1α activation. Combining TRC105 with irradiation delayed DNA damage repair compared to irradiation alone. However, in the absence of p53 function, combining TRC105 and radiation resulted in no reduction in clonogenicity compared to radiation alone, despite similar reduction of DNA damage repair observed in p53-intact cells. This suggested DNA damage repair was not the sole determinant of CD105 radio-resistance. As cancer cells undergo an energy deficit following irradiation, due to the demands of DNA and organelle repair, we examined SIRT1's role on p53 and PGC-1α with respect to glycolysis and mitochondrial biogenesis, respectively. Consequently, blocking the CD105-SIRT1 axis was found to deplete the ATP stores of irradiated cells and cause G2 cell cycle arrest. Xenograft models supported these findings that combining TRC105 with irradiation significantly reduces tumor size over irradiation alone (p value = 10-9). We identified a novel synthetic lethality strategy of combining radiation and CD105 targeting to address the DNA repair and metabolic addiction induced by irradiation in p53-functional prostate cancers

Intrinsic photoluminescence stokes shift in thin-film cadmium sulfide

Exciting a semiconductor through light absorption produces photoluminescence (PL). In general, the emitted energy is lower than the energy absorbed. The phenomenon, first discovered in the nineteenth century, is known as Stokes shift energy [1]. The change in energy (AS t o k e s), crucial for the information about the phonon relaxation in the material and with importance in light emitting devices, has not been investigated experimentally very systematically [2]. In this project, we present the observation of the intrinsic photoluminescence Stokes shift in a semiconductor

Effect of twist level and twist direction of core (double) yarn on dref-3 spun yarn

In this study, an attempt has been made to understand the behaviour of friction spun yarn by introducing doubled yarns as core with diversity in twist level and direction. ‘Z’ twisted 15tex (40s Ne) parent yarn has been used for doubling purposes. To examine the effect of doubling, three twist levels are chosen, viz. 50, 60 and 70 % of the parent yarn twist for both the directions viz. S and Z. Thus, six samples of doubled yarns are prepared. These samples are tested for the count, twist, breaking force and elongation. These yarns are introduced as core into DREF-3 friction spinning system; keeping the sheath fibre constant viz. combed cotton sliver of 0.15 hank for all the samples. The twist direction of the doubled yarn used as core is found to be the influential factor for the breaking force and elongation of the friction spun yar