3,787 research outputs found
Mapping General System Characteristics to Non- Functional Requirements
The Function point analysis (FPA) method is the preferred scheme of
estimation for project managers to determine the size, effort, schedule,
resource loading and other such parameters. The FPA method by International
Function Point Users Group (IFPUG) has captured the critical implementation
features of an application through fourteen general system characteristics.
However, Non- functional requirements (NFRs) such as functionality,
reliability, efficiency, usability, maintainability, portability, etc. have not
been included in the FPA estimation method. This paper discusses some of the
NFRs and tries to determine a degree of influence for each of them. An attempt
to factor the NFRs into estimation has been made. This approach needs to be
validated with data collection and analysis.Comment: 5 page
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Psychological Costs of Migration: Home Country Natural Disasters and Mental Health
The psychological toll of leaving one's familiar environment is a dominant explanation for why some people do not migrate despite relatively high wage differentials and low monetary costs of moving. Yet there is little direct empirical evidence on the existence and the characteristics of psychic costs. Using linked administrative and survey data (the 45 and Up Study) from Australia, a country where one in four residents was born overseas, we show that migrant mental health is significantly affected by home country natural disasters. In the three months following a disaster, mental health related drug use and visits to mental health specialists increase by 5% and 33%, respectively. The effects persist for up to 12 months after the initial shock and increase with distance to the home country. In contrast, we do not find any effects of home country disasters on the physical health conditions of migrants. Given that individuals in our sample have lived in their destination country for an average of 40 years, our estimates suggest strong persistence in these costs
Quantifying the non-Gaussianity in the EoR 21-cm signal through bispectrum
The epoch of reionization (EoR) 21-cm signal is expected to be highly
non-Gaussian in nature and this non-Gaussianity is also expected to evolve with
the progressing state of reionization. Therefore the signal will be correlated
between different Fourier modes (). The power spectrum will not be able
capture this correlation in the signal. We use a higher-order estimator -- the
bispectrum -- to quantify this evolving non-Gaussianity. We study the
bispectrum using an ensemble of simulated 21-cm signal and with a large variety
of triangles. We observe two competing sources driving the non-Gaussianity
in the signal: fluctuations in the neutral fraction () field and
fluctuations in the matter density field. We find that the non-Gaussian
contribution from these two sources vary, depending on the stage of
reionization and on which modes are being studied. We show that the sign of
the bispectrum works as a unique marker to identify which among these two
components is driving the non-Gaussianity. We propose that the sign change in
the bispectrum, when plotted as a function of triangle configuration
and at a certain stage of the EoR can be used as a confirmative
test for the detection of the 21-cm signal. We also propose a new consolidated
way to visualize the signal evolution (with evolving or
redshift), through the trajectories of the signal in a power spectrum and
equilateral bispectrum i.e. space.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Replaced to
match the accepted versio
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Mental health stigma
Comparing self-reports to administrative records, we find that survey respondents are significantly more likely to under-report mental illnesses compared to other health conditions. This behavior is consistent with the existence of stigma of mental illnesses. We show that stigma can play a role in determining health-seeking behavior
The CMBR ISW and HI 21-cm Cross-correlation Angular Power Spectrum
The late-time growth of large scale structures (LSS) is imprinted in the CMBR
anisotropy through the Integrated Sachs Wolfe (ISW) effect. This is perceived
to be a very important observational probe of dark energy. Future observations
of redshifted 21-cm radiation from the cosmological neutral hydrogen (HI)
distribution hold the potential of probing the LSS over a large redshift range.
We have investigated the possibility of detecting the ISW through
cross-correlations between the CMBR anisotropies and redshifted 21-cm
observations. Assuming that the HI traces the dark matter, we find that the
ISW-HI cross-correlation angular power spectrum at an angular multipole l is
proportional to the dark matter power spectrum evaluated at the comoving wave
number l/r, where r is the comoving distance to the redshift from which the HI
signal originated. The amplitude of the cross-correlation signal depends on
parameters related to the HI distribution and the growth of cosmological
perturbations. However the cross-correlation is extremely weak as compared to
the CMBR anisotropies and the predicted HI signal. As a consequence the
cross-correlation signal is smaller than the cosmic variance, and a
statistically significant detection is not very likely.Comment: 13 pages, 4 eps figures, submitte
Study of the de Almeida-Thouless (AT) line in the one-dimensional diluted power-law XY spin glass
We study the AT line in the one-dimensional power-law diluted XY spin glass
model, in which the probability that two spins separated by a distance
interact with each other, decays as . We develop a heat bath
algorithm to equilibrate XY spins; using this in conjunction with the standard
parallel tempering and overrelaxation sweeps, we carry out large scale Monte
Carlo simulations. For which is in the mean-field regime, we find
clear evidence for an AT line. For , there is evidence from
finite size scaling studies for an AT transition but for , the
evidence for a transition is non-existent. We have also studied these systems
at fixed temperature varying the field and discovered that at both and at there is evidence of an AT transition! Confusingly,
the correlation length and spin glass susceptibility as a function of the field
are both entirely consistent with the predictions of the droplet picture and
hence the non-existence of an AT line. The evidence from our simulations points
to the complete absence of the AT line in dimensions outside the mean-field
region and to the correctness of the droplet picture. Previous simulations
which suggested there was an AT line can be attributed to the consequences of
studying systems which are just too small. The collapse of our data to the
droplet scaling form is poor for and to some extent also for
, when the correlation length becomes of the order of the length
of the system, due to the existence of excitations which only cost a free
energy of , just as envisaged in the TNT picture of the ordered state of
spin glasses. However, for the case of we can provide evidence
that for larger system sizes, droplet scaling will prevail even when the
correlation length is comparable to the system size.Comment: 23 pages, 15 figure
Awareness of nursing students towards cancer and their comparison with medical students
Background: Cancer is the 2nd leading cause of mortality worldwide. The three leading cancers in India are cervical cancer, breast cancer and upper aerodigestive tract carcinoma. Cervical carcinoma is the 2nd most common cancer in women next to breast carcinoma. This study has been done to assess the knowledge, causation and preventive methods about the common cancers in India amongst Medical and Nursing students in a tertiary care center in rural Kerala. Preventive measures and early diagnosis of cancer can lead to decrease in mortality and morbidity. This can be achieved by creating awareness. A special emphasis has been made regarding cervical cancer and HPV vaccination in this study.Methods: A total of 337 medical and 148 nursing students from 1st year to final year were included in this study and the results were analysed by descriptive statistics.Results: Out of 337 medical and 148 nursing students, there was significant difference in knowledge between pretest/posttest and amongst the medical/nursing students. Medical students were found be more aware about the cancer, their causation and preventive methods as compared to the nursing students. 76.4% of nursing students were aware about the role of HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) in the causation of cervical cancer pretest. 98.6% of nursing students were aware about the role of HPV in causation of cervical cancer posttest following a short lecture. Following a short lecture both medical and nursing students were found to have more awareness.Conclusions: Creating awareness to the medical and nursing students who are intouch with the community and the patients is essential. Targeted health education in very important in creating a great impact about the knowledge of cancer in the community, thereby leading to decrease in mortality and morbidity
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