464 research outputs found
On decay of large amplitude bubble of disoriented chiral condensate
The time evolution of initially formed large amplitude bubble of disoriented
chiral condensate (DCC) is studied. It is found that the evolution of this
object may have a relatively long pre-decay stage. Simple explanation of such
delay of the DCC bubble decay is given. This delay is related to the existence
of the approximate solutions of multi-soliton type of the corresponding radial
sine-Gordon equation in (3+1) dimensions at large bubble radius.Comment: 6 pages, LaTeX, 5 PostScript figure
Convergence of economic growth in Russian megacities
Purpose: The article presents the results of an empirical analysis of the economic growth of Russian cities with a population of over 1 million people (megacities). Design/Methodology/Approach: The analyzed indicator is the city product calculated according to the UN methodology for the period from 2010 to 2016. The paper analyses the process of ÎČ- and Ï-convergence across Russian megacities using methods of spatial econometrics in addition to the traditional ÎČ-convergence techniques from the neoclassical theoretical framework. Findings: The dynamics of the coefficient of variation confirmed the presence of Ï-convergence in city product. Empirically, positive spatial autocorrelation has been confirmed. Beta-convergence for Russian megacities is found to be significant and the spatial location of megacities significantly affects ÎČ-convergence. Control factors such as fixed capital investment per capita in 2010, average retail volume per capita in 2010, average annual number of employees of enterprises and organizations in 2010 and the dummy variable introduced for âfederal citiesâ Moscow and St. Petersburg are all found to have positive and statistically significant impact on economic growth. Practical Implications: Policymakers may take the results into account under the planning of economical strategies for megacities and regions in Russia in order to facilitate the regional economic growth and the speed of convergence. Originality/Value: The main contribution of the study is the consideration of the economical growth for the megacities and not for the regions as it often used to be the case in similar studies. The important finding is that megacitiesâ economies do converge and the influence of control factors is pronounced.peer-reviewe
The bubbles of matter from multiskyrmions
The multiskyrmions with large baryon number B given by rational map (RM)
ansaetze can be described reasonably well within the domain wall approximation,
or as spherical bubbles with energy and baryon number density concentrated at
their boundary. A special class of profile functions is considered
approximating the true profile and domain wall behaviour at the same time. An
upper bound is obtained for the masses of RM multiskyrmions which is close to
the calculated masses, especially at large B. The gap between rigorous upper
and lower bounds for large B multiskyrmions is less than 4%. The basic
properties of such bubbles of matter are investigated, some of them being of
universal character, i.e. they do not depend on baryon number of configuration
and on the number of flavors. As a result, the lagrangian of the Skyrme type
models provides field theoretical realization of the bag model of special kind.Comment: 7 pages, no figure
Example of a self-consistent solution for a fermion on domain wall
We discuss a self-consistent solution for a fermion coupled to static scalar
field in the form of a kink (domain wall). In particular, we study the case
when the fermion occupies an excited non-zero frequency level in the presence
of the domain wall field. The effect of the domain wall profile distortion is
calculated analytically.Comment: 9 pages, no figures; minor corrections, one reference added, results
unchange
Multiskyrmions and baryonic bags
Analytical treatment of skyrmions given by rational map (RM) ansaetze
proposed recently for the Skyrme model is extended to the model including the
6-th order term in chiral fields derivatives in the lagrangian (the SK6 variant
of the model) and used for calculation of different properties of
multiskyrmions. For special class of profile functions approximating the true
profile and the domain wall behaviour at the same time, the masses and other
static properties of multiskyrmions are expressed in terms of the Euler-type
integrals. An upper bound is obtained for the masses of RM multiskyrmions which
is close to the calculated masses, especially at large B. The gap between
rigorous upper bound and lower bound, obtained for the SK6 model as well, for
large B multiskyrmions is less than 9%, in comparison with about 4% for the SK4
(Skyrme) variant. The basic properties of such bubbles of matter are
investigated, some of them, e.g. the thickness of the bubbles envelope, being
of universal character, i.e. they do not depend on baryon number of
configuration, or reveal a simple and natural dependence. The dependence of
these properties on the number of flavours is absent or very weak in both
models. Qualitatively, the properties of the baryonic bags are the same for the
SK6 and SK4 variants of the model, although differ in some details.Comment: 16 pages, no figure
Stable branches of a solution for a fermion on domain wall
We discuss the case when a fermion occupies an excited non-zero frequency
level in the field of domain wall. We demonstrate that a solution exists for
the coupling constant in the limited interval . We
show that indeed there are different branches of stable solution for in
this interval. The first one corresponds to a fermion located on the domain
wall (). The second branch, which belongs to the interval
, describes a polarized fermion off the domain
wall. The third branch with describes an excited antifermion in
the field of the domain wall.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, references adde
Non-Perturbative Production of Multi-Boson States and Quantum Bubbles
The amplitude of production of on-mass-shell scalar bosons by a highly
virtual field is considered in a theory with weak
coupling and spontaneously broken symmetry. The amplitude of this
process is known to have an growth when the produced bosons are exactly at
rest. Here it is shown that for the process goes through
`quantum bubbles', i.e. quantized droplets of a different vacuum phase, which
are non-perturbative resonant states of the field . The bubbles provide a
form factor for the production amplitude, which rapidly decreases above the
threshold. As a result the probability of the process may be heavily suppressed
and may decrease with energy as , where the power
depends on the number of space dimensions. Also discussed are the quantized
states of bubbles and the amplitudes of their formation and decay.Comment: 20 pages in LaTeX + 3 figures (fugures not included, hardcopy
available on request), TPI-MINN-93/20-
Ferromagnetism in the Mott insulator Ba2NaOsO6
Results are presented of single crystal structural, thermodynamic, and
reflectivity measurements of the double-perovskite Ba2NaOsO6. These
characterize the material as a 5d^1 ferromagnetic Mott insulator with an
ordered moment of ~0.2 Bohr magnetons per formula unit and TC = 6.8(3) K. The
magnetic entropy associated with this phase transition is close to Rln2,
indicating that the quartet groundstate anticipated from consideration of the
crystal structure is split, consistent with a scenario in which the
ferromagnetism is associated with orbital ordering.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, added reference
Polar mesosphere winter echoes during solar proton events
Thin layers of enhanced radar echoes in the winter mesosphere have been observed by the ESRAD 52 MHz MST radar (67°53 \u27 N, 21°06 \u27 E) during several recent solar proton events. These polar mesosphere winter echoes (PMWE) can occur at any time of day or night above 70 km altitude, whereas below this height they are seen only during daytime. An energy deposition / ion-chemical model is used to calculate electron and ion densities from the observed proton fluxes. It is found that PMWE occurrence correlates well with low values of λ(the ratio of negative ion density to electron density). There is a sharp cut-off in PMWE occurrence at λïœ10^, which is independent of electron density. No direct dependence of PMWE occurrence on electron density can be found within the range represented by the solar proton events, with PMWE being observed at all levels of electron density corresponding to values of λ. Together with results concerning the thickness, echo aspect-sensitivity and echo spectral-width of the PMWE, this observation leads to the conclusion that the layers cannot be explained by turbulence alone. A role for charged aerosols in creating PMWE is proposed
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