257 research outputs found
Biomass production and management practices in mixed crop-livestock systems in the west African Sahel: Opportunities and constraints
The Sahel is characterized by a marked inter-annual climate variability and has experienced a number of food security crises following the severe droughts during the 1970s and 1980s. Due to recent challenges such as rapid population growth, climate change, environmental concerns and market changes which cause major impacts to their production systems, the sahelian people have been shifting and adapting their production systems and the way they live to cope with uncertainties. The objective of the present report is to review the various biomass production and management issues in the mixed crop-livestock systems in West African Sahel. An elaborated literature survey of peer reviewed papers mostly, was conducted. The studies were based on the Sahel scale research, more specifically research that had been published on the West African Sahel, including studies published between 1990s and 2016. Results show that many factors have contributed to the changes, among which, rainfall variability, population growth, human induced-activities, land tenure systems and the effects of globalization. Various biomass production and management practices are employed in West African Sahel for both on-farm and off-farm biomass improvements. Some of the best practices are mulching, soil and water conservation techniques, composting, farmer managed natural regeneration, agroforestry, etc. These practices have overall contributed to increase agricultural productivity, ecosystem services provisioning and have sometime deepened the difference between men and women, rich and poor, young and old people. Most of the constraints associated with large adoption of the best practices in the Sahel are land tenure systems, the huge gap between inputs and output investment costs but, the climate conventions are offering new opportunities that will ultimately contribute to positive changes. This will be possible only when land tenure systems in the region are reinforced, institutional linkages are strengthened, and new information systems are used to inform farmers on climate issues and new agricultural practices
Improving small ruminant productivity and livelihoods through feed and health interventions: Evidence from northern Ghana
United States Agency for International Developmen
Ensiling crop residues in bag silos for small ruminant production in northern Ghana: On-farm training experiences with local farmers
Community participation in decentralized management of natural resources in the southern region of Mali
United States Agency for International Developmen
Evaluation of feed resources in mixed crop-livestock systems in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Mali
Transhumant practices and its effects on natural resource management in the Sudano-Sahelian Zone of Mali
Assessment of existing and potential feed resources to improve livestock productivity in dryland areas of Niger
Climate-Smart Livestock Interventions in West Africa: A Review
The livestock sector is one of the major contributors in agriculture, by some estimates
contributing up to 18% of the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Of this, about one
third is reported to be due to land use change associated with livestock production, another
one third is nitrous oxide from manure and slurry management, and roughly 25% is attributed
to methane emissions from ruminant digestion. Recent analysis suggests that developing
world regions contribute about two thirds of the global emissions from ruminants, with sub-
Saharan Africa a global hotspot for emissions intensities, largely due to low animal
productivity, poor animal health and low quality feeds. These numbers suggest, therefore, that
there are opportunities for easy gains to be made in terms of mitigation in the livestock sector,
as improving feed resource use efficiencies would improve livestock productivity as well as
reduce emissions per unit of product. In this context, climate-smart agricultural practices are
necessary in the West Africa region and in sub-Saharan Africa in general. Climate-Smart
Agriculture (CSA) is an approach that provides a conceptual basis for assessing the
effectiveness of agricultural practice change to support food security under climate change.
This review focuses on livestock-related CSA options in West Africa looking at herd
management, feed, grazing management, animal breeding strategies, manure management,
and policy options
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